| Pedestrian Observations", National Development and Reform Commission 2016, "30,000-kilometer high-speed railway to cover 80% of urban areas by 2020", "No timetable yet for Shanghai-Hangzhou maglev line: official", "Beijing's first maglev line resumes construction", "All Existing and U/C Maglev Lines in 2020", "High-speed rail construction not suspended People's Daily Online", "China Railway sets out 2017 targets International Railway Journal", "China Exclusive: Five bln trips made on China's bullet trains", "China's railways report 3.57b passenger trips in 2019", "Total volume of passenger transported by highspeed railways in China from 2008 to 2021", "Train Makers Rail Against China's High-Speed Designs", "China Rail Chief's Firing Hints at Trouble", "High-Speed Trains in China to Run Slower, Ministry Says", "Full steam ahead for high-speed rail patents overseas", "Chinese firm launches R&D on 600 km/h maglev train", "China Is Eager to Bring High-Speed Rail Expertise to the U.S.", "Indonesia's Handling of High-speed Train Project Adds to Business Confusion, Mixed Messages to Japan, China Come as Indonesia courts foreign investors", "Siemens joins China bid for Saudi Haramain project", "GE and China MOR Sign Strategic MOU to Advance High-Speed Rail Opportunities in the U.S.", Chinese Firm Constructs High-Speed Railway in Turkey, "China to Design New Russian High-Speed Railway", "Shanghai Maglev Train (431 km/h) - High Definition Video", "China restores bullet train speed to 350 km/h Xinhua | English.news.cn", "China begins to restore 350 kmh bullet train Xinhua | English.news.cn", "China powers ahead as new entrants clock in", "China launches longest high-speed train service" China Daily, National Development and Reform Commission, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-speed_rail_in_China&oldid=1152594619, Stimulates the economy in the short term as HSR construction creates jobs and drives up demand for construction, steel and cement industries during the economic downturn. [90][91] This fatal accident, which happened in the midst of corruption investigations into railway officials, led to greater scrutiny in the Chinese press and the populace concerning the HSR[63][64][92][93] and on the railway company. [22] In December 1994, the State Council commissioned a feasibility study for the line.[22]. [60] Zhang was estimated to have misappropriated to his personal overseas accounts the equivalent of $2.8 billion. As of 2023[update], it remains the fastest commercial train in the world with peak speeds of 431km/h (268mph) and makes the 30.5km (19.0mi) trip in less than 7.5 minutes. [106] As of October 2011, the MOR was reportedly concentrating remaining resources on fewer high-speed rail lines and shifting emphasis to more economically viable coal transporting heavy rail. High-speed railways: A source of pride for China - CGTN The 4+4 national HSR grid was largely completed by the end of 2015 and now serves as the backbone of China's HSR network. [154] Conservative scholars and officials are worried that the indebted high-speed rail is further exacerbated by its unprofitability, operating at a daily loss of $24 million USD as of November 2021. A unit of Russia's state-owned JSC Russian Railways signed a contract with the design unit of China's state-controlled China Railway Group to come up with the plans for a 770 kilometer high-speed rail between the two Russian cities. [214] In June 2020, a trial run was conducted at Tongji University. The high-speed rail (HSR) network in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the world's longest and most extensively used - with a total length of 42,000 kilometres (26,000 mi) by the end of 2022. [123], The government actively promoted the export of high-speed rail technology to countries including Mexico, Thailand, the United Kingdom, India, Russia and Turkey. The earliest PDLs built were sections of the corridors that connected large cities in the same region. [194], Two other Maglev lines, the Changsha Maglev and the Line S1 of Beijing, were designed for commercial operations with speeds lower than 120km/h (75mph). However, these patents are only valid within China, and as such hold no international power. "Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed." The BeijingShanghai high-speed railway, the second major cross-regional line, opened in June 2011 and was the first line designed with a top speed of 380km/h (236mph) in commercial service. "Michael Forsythe "Letter from China: Is China's Economy Speeding Off the Rails? Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. [118], In 2014, high-speed rail expansion gained speed with the opening of the TaiyuanXi'an, HangzhouChangsha, Lanzhou-rmqi, Guiyang-Guangzhou, Nanning-Guangzhou trunk lines and intercity lines around Wuhan, Chengdu,[119] Qingdao[120] and Zhengzhou. In June 1998, at a State Council meeting with the Chinese Academies of Sciences and Engineering, Premier Zhu Rongji asked whether the high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai still being planned could use maglev technology. [178] In September 2010, daily ridership averaged 69,000 or an annual rate of 25.2million. [188] As of October 2013, high-speed rail was carrying twice as many passengers each month as the country's airlines. Raymond Seow on Twitter: "What did the delicate girl do for the A paid subscription is required for full access. [178] To be able to repay principal, ridership would need to exceed 40million. Is China High-Speed Rail profitable? After the completion of a third track in 2000 and a fourth in 2007, the line became the first in China to run high-speed passenger and freight service on separate tracks. [159] CRIC has also raised some capital through equity offerings; in the spring of 2010, CRIC sold a 4.5 percent stake in the BeijingShanghai high-speed railway to the Bank of China for 6.6billion and a 4.5 percent stake to the public for 6billion. Within two years of cooperation with Kawasaki to produce 60 CRH2A sets, CSR began in 2008 to build CRH2B, CRH2C and CRH2E models at its Sifang plant independently without assistance from Kawasaki. Bloomberg. [141] The government also articulated the importance and urgency of assuring the capacity of railway staff, especially their familiarity with telecommunication and signaling testing in the official investigation of the Wenzhou train collision. The price tag of the Shanghai Maglev was believed to be $1.3billion and was partially financed by the German government. 110,000 mainland Chinese tourists leave Hong Kong on first day of China's HSR accounts for two-thirds of the world's total high-speed railway networks. China's 'Most Profitable' High-Speed Rail Finally Makes Profit Is high-speed rail travel on a track to nowhere? - BBC News [OC] 24 hours of high-speed trains in China - Reddit Even the Beijing-Shanghai line, China's most profitable high-speed rail line, reported 56.6 percent less net profit in 2021 than in 2019. [51] In all, the state planned to spend $300billion to build a 25,000km (16,000mi) HSR network by 2020.[52][53]. An extended version of the Fuxing bullet train is expected to . There have been numerous attempts to extend the line without success. The World Bank estimated in 2019 that currently, the average cost of the Chinese high-speed rail network was from 17 to 21 million dollars per km, which is one third less than the cost of most of Western countries. In 1993, commercial train service in China averaged only 48km/h (30mph) and was steadily losing market share to airline and highway travel on the country's expanding network of expressways. "Number of High-speed Railways in China as of August in 2019, by Profit Status and Speed. ", "High-Speed Rail: The Fast Track to Economic Development? Those sections will carry a mix of passenger and freight. Rail Vehicle Market Restraints, Segments and Regional - MarketWatch The signalling, track and support structures, control software, and station design are developed domestically with foreign elements as well. (Chinese), provincial-level administrative divisions, electrical multiple unit (EMU) train sets, Campaign to raise the speed of railway travel in China, conventional high-speed rail line was built between Shanghai and Hangzhou, Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co (CSR Sifang), high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai, List of high-speed railway lines in China Four Vertical and Four Horizontal" network, WuhanGuangzhou high-speed railway (Wuguang PDL), GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong high-speed railway, List of high-speed railway lines in China, GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong Express Rail Link, upgraded in the sixth round of the "Speed-up Campaign", California's high-speed rail line project, "Length of Beijing-HK rail network same as Equator", "New high-speed trains on drawing board- China.org.cn", "Full speed ahead for China's high-speed rail network in 2019", "China builds the world's longest high-speed rail as a rail stalls in the U.S.", "China's fast track to high-speed rail exports", "China-Tibet bullet trains to commence operations before July", "China sets railway building spree in high-speed motion", "World's Longest Fast Train Line Opens in China", "China to step up testing on fastest-ever maglev train", "China's High-Speed Rail, the world's longest high-speed railway network, is now losing $24 million per day with a reported debt of $1.8 trillion", "China Railway's debt nears $900bn under expansion push", "Is this the end of the line for China's rapid railway investment? China has built around 26,000 miles (42,000 kilometers) of dedicated high-speed railways since 2008 and plans to top 43,000 miles (70,000 kilometers) by 2035. High-speed ridership statistics in China are often reported as the number of passengers carried by high-speed EMU train sets, and such figures typically include passengers on EMU trains operating on non-high speed track or at service speeds below 200km/h (124mph).[19]. With a total length of 968km (601mi) and capacity to accommodate trains traveling at 350km/h (217mph), the Wuguang PDL set a world record for the fastest commercial train service with average trip speed of 312.5km/h (194.2mph). The expansion into HSR is also developing China into a leading source of high-speed rail building technology. data than referenced in the text. 'The Greenest Bullet Train In The World': Wes Edens Wants - Forbes Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date [60] Investigators found evidence that another 187million ($28.5million) was misappropriated from the $33billion BeijingShanghai high-speed railway in 2010. Most of the new lines follow the routes of existing trunk lines and are designated for passenger travel only. High-speed rail in China. Despite unmatched advantage in speed, the maglev has not gained widespread use in China's high-speed rail network due to high cost, German refusal to share technology and concerns about safety. Statista. Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed [Graph]. Those sections will carry a mix of passenger and freight. [104], To ease the credit shortage facing rail construction, the Ministry of Finance announced tax cuts to interest earned on rail construction financing bonds and the State Council ordered state banks to renew lending to rail projects. The Shanghai Maglev is the world's first high-speed commercial magnetic levitation ("maglev") line, whose trains run on non-conventional track and reach a top speed of 430km/h (267mph). According to an analysis conducted in 2019, only five out of 15 fast 350 kilometers-per-hour high-speed railway lines in China could cover all costs, including operating and capital costs.. Meanwhile, the United States has just . It was profitable every year between 2014 and 2019, according to national railway operator China State Railway Group Co. [102], In the first half of 2011, the MOR as a whole made a profit of 4.29 billion and carried a total debt burden of 2.09 trillion, equal to about 5% of China's GDP. How profitable is China's high-speed rail? - Quora Six lines have started to make operating profits (ie, not counting construction costs), with the Beijing-Shanghai link the world's most profitable bullet train, pulling in 6.6bn yuan last year.. High-speed rail developed rapidly in China since the mid-2000s. [112][113] China's 1,580 high-speed trains were transporting 1.33 million passengers daily, about 25.7% of the overall passenger traffic. [75], On July 23, 2011, two high-speed trains collided on the NingboTaizhouWenzhou railway in Lucheng District of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. [34] These concerns have prevented the construction of the proposed extension of the maglev to Hangzhou. China's first line, the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger railway, was opened in 2003. ", Bloomberg, Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1218788/china-profitability-of-high-sped-railway-by-route/ (last visited May 01, 2023), Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed [Graph], Bloomberg, August 18, 2020. IPO for China's most profitable high-speed train - Asia Times ", Gerald Ollivier, Richard Bullock, Ying Jin and Nanyan Zhou, "High-Speed Railways in China: A Look at Traffic" World Bank China Transport Topics No. [121][122], In response to a slowing economy, central planners approved a slew of new lines including Shangqiu-Hefei-Hangzhou,[123] Zhengzhou-Wanzhou,[124] Lianyungang-Zhenjiang,[125] Linyi-Qufu,[126] Harbin-Mudanjiang,[127] Yinchuan-Xi'an,[123] Datong-Zhangjiakou,[123] and intercity lines in Zhejiang[128] and Jiangxi. As of 2021, the operation length of the high-speed rail (HSR) in China amounted to around . HSR provides fast, reliable and comfortable means of transporting large numbers of travelers in a densely populated country over long distances,[147][148] which: One major concern of the high-speed rail network is the high amount of debt incurred. Dedicated guideways eliminate shared tracks with slower freight, transit or Amtrak. U.S. high-speed rail 'myths' debunked - CNN.com Kawasaki won an order for 60 train sets based on its E2 Series Shinkansen for 9.3billion. [52] In addition, high-speed rail fares are considerably more expensive than conventional rail service. According to a World Bank publication on Chinese HSR, by the end of 2017 "the length of 300350 kph lines was about 10,000 km, and the length of 200250 kph lines was about 15,000 km. The Economist estimates Liu accepted 1billion of bribes ($152million) in connection with railway construction projects. [4] China's HSR accounts for two-thirds of the world's total high-speed railway networks. The CRH's high-speed trains are called Harmony and Rejuvenation. [186] However, China's average income per capita is considerably lower than these other countries, so the high speed train fares remain unaffordable for most but the well-to-do. 29 Apr 2023 00:13:13 China Railway Corporation, the state-owned rail operator and investor in the country's high-speed networks, has debts of Rmb3.8tn ($558bn), much more than the national debt of Greece. [39] The MOR delayed the decision, broadened the bidding and adopted a diversified approach to adopting foreign high-speed train technology. Build It, And They Will. [45] According to CSR president Zhang Chenghong, CSR "made the bold move of forming a systemic development platform for high-speed locomotives and further upgrading its design and manufacturing technology. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. [63][64], Following the deadly crash, the Chinese government suspended new railway project approvals and launched safety checks on existing equipment. [citation needed]. About 4050% of financing is provided by the national government through lending by state owned banks and financial institutions, another 40% by the bonds issued by the Ministry of Railway (MOR) and the remaining 1020% by provincial and local governments. China has built the world's largest bullet-train network [158] The Southeast HSR corridor lost 0.377billion in its first year beginning August 2009. The CRH380AL train set, shown above at the, Growth of China's high-speed rail network, Early passenger-dedicated high-speed rail lines, Passenger-freight railways and connecting conventional lines. China has the world's only commercial maglev high-speed train line in operation. The train operated in commercially on conventional rail lines in southwest China from 2007 to 2010. [68] [64] On June 13, 2011, the MOR clarified in a press conference that the speed reduction was not due to safety concerns but to offer more affordable tickets for trains at 250km/h (155mph) and increase ridership. The development of the HSR network in China was initially delayed by a debate over the type of track technology to be used. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. [4], China Railway High-speed (CRH) () is the major high-speed rail service provided by state-owned railway manufacturing and construction corporation China Railway. [178] The terms of the loans range from 510 years at interest rates of 6.3 to 6.8 percent. [51] In response to the global economic recession, the government accelerated the pace of HSR expansion to stimulate economic growth. Chart. Large construction debt-loads require significant revenues from rider fares, subsidies, and/or other sources of income, such as advertising, to repay. A high-speed rail line connecting Kunming to Vientiane, the capital of Laos, was opened after five years of construction. 11, "China's Experience with High Speed Rail Offers Lessons for Other Countries", "China plans five-year leap forward of railway development ", "Bullet trains set to join fastest in the world", "International Railway Journal Rail And Rapid Transit Industry News Worldwide", "China slows its runaway high-speed rail expansion", "Hundreds protest Shanghai maglev rail extension", "Rail track beats Maglev in BeijingShanghai High Speed Railway", "BeijingShanghai High-Speed Line, China", "Violence flares as the Chinese rage at Japan", "Kawasaki Wins High-Speed Train Order for China", "China denies Japan's rail patent-infringement claims. [143] However, the rail staff productivity upon railway track infrastructure index in China is less than 0.05, being the lowest among the countries with significant railway construction. In October 2010, CRH service more than 1,000 trains per day, with a daily ridership of about 925,000.[193]. [210] China currently holds many new patents related to the internal components of these trains, re-designed in China to allow the trains to run at higher speeds than the foreign designs allowed. Intercity HSR service speeds range from 200350km/h (120220mph). The refusal of the Transrapid Consortium to share technology and source production in China made large-scale maglev production much more costly than high-speed train technology for conventional lines. Are you interested in testing our business solutions? The HSR network includes new mixed passenger-freight lines with a design speed of 200250km/h (120160mph). This line between northern China's two largest cities, was the first in the country to accommodate commercial trains with top speed of 350km/h (217mph) and featured the CRH2C and CRH3C train sets. [52] They are competing directly with the established European and Japanese manufacturers, and sometimes partnering with them. [111] By the end of 2012, the total length of high-speed rail tracks had reached 9,300km (5,800mi), and ridership rebounded and exceeded levels prior to the Wenzhou crash. Former senior UN officer praises Chinese high-speed railway To increase transport capacity, the MOR ordered 70 16-car trainsets from CSR Sifang and BST, including 10 sets of CRH1B and 20 sets of CRH2B seating trains, 20 sets of CRH1E and 20 sets of CRH2E sleeper trains. Rail Vehicle Market Report is highly -intensive driven by high R&D investment and has strong product analysis to maintain growth and ensure long-term monetization with a forecast period of 2023-2029. Critics both in China and abroad have questioned the necessity of having an expensive high-speed rail system in a largely developing country, where most workers cannot afford to pay a premium for faster travel. Ministry held the power drafting policy on railroad transposition, development of the rail network and rail infrastructure in China. High-speed rail is also becoming relatively more affordable as fares have remained stable while worker wages have grown sharply over the same period. China's high-speed railways plunge from high profits into a debt trap | ORF Most new HSR lines in China have witnessed a sharp decline in their "transportation density". [12][13] However, a Paulson Institute research had estimated that the net benefit of the high-speed rail to the Chinese economy to be approximately $378 billion and an annual return on investment at 6.5%. This is . [137] On the other hand, however, public concerns about the high-speed rail development have been raised from various perspectives.
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