The initiation rituals of adolescence are essentially twofold: at puberty, and at marriage. Sometimes it relates to information-giving only. This analysis of traditional counseling has a global interpretation and application as well. The totemic character is inherent, and a symbolic figure to all the individuals of a given clan. endobj /BG2 /Default The search process can be short as well. Traditional healers are instrumental in these arrangements, and they act as a cherished fountain of traditional knowledge and cultural practices in both rural and urban communities. >> Its also a big part of why in-person therapists need to charge so much. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] 19 0 obj >> /Contents 60 0 R This is crucial for clients who need frequent care. They constitute a prevalent belief that finds solace in traditional healers who divine not only their occurrence, but also their effect on the causation of physical illness among members of the community and their ritualistic treatment. It is contextualistic in orientation, because personal conduct can only be understood in the context within which it takes place. It involves covert actions by people to cause misfortune. /Rotate 0 Counselling, on average, requires a substantial amount of time, before the patient can actually feel its effects. This poses a big problem, as it is common occurrence for patients attending counselling, to get impatient and lose faith in the counselling process and stop returning to counselling. This would leave the patients problems unattended. This view is in sharp contrast to the traditional view, which holds that young women at initiation are predominantly taught how to lie in bed with their future husbands in order to give them the greatest sexual satisfaction, how to behave as proper women, as married women, and mothers of families, and how to perform womens roles and responsibilities [21,23]. For individual problems, many people find an acceptable answer in either witchcraft, or supernatural influence, or both. Each community comprises people of different ethnic backgrounds, languages, religions, customs, and traditions. The institution of marriage represents the behaviors, norms, expectations, and values, that are associated with legally, socially, and culturally-recognized marriages between a woman and a man. In Africa generally, religion and witchcraft constitute a recognizable component of most peoples everyday life and world view. This chapter discusses the theoretical perspective of traditional counseling from an African context. The problem is she cant take new clients at the moment. By working with clients online, therapists can fill these gaps and make more money. Edited by Books > /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Marriage is a legally recognized union between a man and woman, in which they are united sexually, cooperate economically, interact socially, and live together productively, as a unified entity. Equally, it is limiting to conceptualize rituals in the context of genealogical continuity only. %PDF-1.3 The African cultural life has been unique since time immemorial. Counsellors are not The values of people are a representation and reflection of their prior experiences during their developmental journeys through life. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] << The culture of people in any human society is partly determined by their belief and value systems which influence the pattern of their social behaviors and actions. London, SW7 2QJ, From an African perspective, this collectivist orientation builds stronger sociocultural bonds, promotes more cohesive avenues of problem resolution, and enhances desirable behavior change for the common good of the society. endobj 2020 The Author(s). The theory is premised on the understanding that awareness of the sociocultural differences among clients, and the way people view the world are paramount in counseling psychology [26]. /Contents 42 0 R Counselling Therapeutic Approaches; Advantages and Disadvantages They have an obligation to inform, guide, and advise their patients on the many aspects that surround the herbal treatment, observance of rituals related to the herbal remedies, and sexual prohibitions related to traditional taboos and customs. << WebTraditional counselling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations, and those that wish to make a transitional commitment, such as initiation at puberty, or marriage, or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one, due to Closely linked to the issue of witchcraft is the aspect of places of power, and land shrines which are permanent features of the landscape and regarded as inherently sacred, or as the source of spiritual power. The disadvantages of individual therapy include: Cost. /Type /Page endobj The benefits determined to be enjoyed from these interventions were improved states of happiness and decreases in depressive symptoms. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Theres a reason why most therapists use online therapy to supplement their income rather than relying on it as the only source. Lack of Culturally Appropriate Counseling Skills endobj The implication of this indigenous knowledge is that, although the linkage and interconnectedness between cause and effect may not be apparent from a modernistic perspective, many people believe in spirits, that is, natural spirits and ancestral spirits. Tradition and culture are indigenous entities, they are dynamic, and in constant flux. Mental health library endobj By Livingstone Malinge Gqeba and Nokuzola Gloria Gqeba. /Rotate 0 By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. Advantages and Disadvantages of Guidance and Counselling Clients are willing to pay much more for in-office therapy than online therapy. Some traditional healers apply exorcism to cleanse evil spirits or demons at the individual or family level. Imagine paying a second rent or mortgage. Psychiatry << During the period of seclusion, the initiands are taught the ways of adulthood and their role in the family, including the rules, taboos, and sanctions of the society, moral instruction and social responsibility, gender role challenges, and their life goals and expectations. This is the out-of-pocket cost, the cost insurance doesnt cover. 14 0 obj /FirstChar 32 /Parent 1 0 R 31 0 obj Culture is complex, dynamic, and bears both overt and covert differences which are unique to each human society. There is direct observation of what people do, and how they behave, and quite often, direct action is taken to deal with social deviance through scorn, censure or exclusion, or in extreme cases, court action. There are several thematic beliefs that underlie the value systems of most African cultures and societies. This is the locus of the collective belief system: people believe in both the seemingly good and bad things that affect their social behavior, communication patterns, interactions, and interpersonal relationships with others, and their environment. endobj endobj The current practice focuses on seclusion for shorter periods, as opposed to the olden practice which favors longer periods. The initiation rituals at puberty are more pronounced for girls than boys, primarily because of the physiological implications and gender role responsibilities that separate girls from boys. Its an issue of preference as well. *Address all correspondence to: hectorchiboola@yahoo.com. Celexa vs Lexapro: Whats the Difference? It also enhances their ability to perpetuate traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices over successive generations for the common good of society. There are several classifications of modern counseling based on different theoretical orientations, resulting in specialization, and focused approach, by the practitioner-counselors. /Contents 122 0 R /Resources 86 0 R endobj >> endobj When therapists practice psychotherapy in an office, there is inevitably some downtime. This theoretical paradigm proposes that, in working with the individual client in any setting, it is necessary to understand how that client is embedded in his family and how the family is affected by being embedded in a pluralistic culture. /Contents 116 0 R Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? Theres also no temptation to interrupt. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] 18 0 obj The emphasis is on collectivism over individualism, and collaborative relationships between the individual client, his family, and the community. endstream Couples Therapy /FontFamily (Sentinel) If you are in a life threatening situation dont use this site. Values and beliefs are an important component of peoples lives as they are used to interpret, judge, and evaluate, external situations or events [15]. Traditional counseling involves a broad perspective that enhances learning for transformation and social integration of cultural values, customs and practices that are peculiar to each human society. /Resources 110 0 R In Zambia, with particular reference to the Nkomeshya chiefdom in Chongwe district for instance, the chiefdom comprises almost 150 villages that are supervised by village headmen/women [3]. Lasting from Talkspace /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] Society exists, and exerts credence, where people behave and interact with one another based on mutual recognition, acceptance, and respect, and culture plays a significant role in the sphere of social life, as it is central to the development of any human society [4]. h$K0O1kF-T|J TxR6FA9 5sS}/KZ;ej9\+eXv32]sN%+ tR Isolation of the initiands (both girls and boys being initiated) at puberty, whether for a few hours, days, weeks, or months, is unique, and it is practiced in both rural and urban communities alike. Traditional counseling has always been part of the fabric of all human cultures and societies, present in the very midst of peoples and communities worldwide, from time immemorial. The advantages and disadvantages of group therapy must be addressed on an individualized level for them to be effective. /Rotate 0 /Resources 96 0 R /Pages 1 0 R /Rotate 0 The revelation may have occurred near a river, rock, cave, mountain, tree, or any such other notable emblem. /Contents 34 0 R Online therapy vs. traditional therapy: A new, beneficial