algorithms.c. /ProcSet 15 0 R flexibilityd. This particular discussion suggests that _______ may be more important than ______ in creative thinking. This particular discussion suggests that _____ may be more important than _____ in creat. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n) _______ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. >> Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known asa. operators.c. The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the ____ problem.a. tan\tantan(-u) = _____. The purpose of this experiment was to. -Without lifting your pencil from the paper, draw exactly four straight, connected lines that will go through all nine dots, but through each dot only once, Problem - insight problem solvers are not aware of how close they. how to d. What information a person is attending to while solving a problem. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight. /Subtype /Type1 illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if: which problem provides example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of problem? Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. b. >> Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The purpose of the experiment was to; a. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. d. avoid the need to perform means-end analysis. << d. subjective utility values following a decision. prior learning facilitating problem solving.b. divergent thinking.d. /BaseFont /Times-Roman Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a free-way. /F3 5 0 R Gestalt psychologist consider problem solving as a process involving: the circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle was proposed to illustrate: the sudden realization of a problem's solution. sensory operators.d. Lydia is 48 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientist who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. b. performance is better for the abstract task. 22 . d. Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement. >> Sanfey and coworkers' "ultimatum game" experiment revealed that people tended to make the________ decision of, a. irrational; accepting any offer, b. irrational; accepting only higher offers, c. rational; accepting any offer, d. rational; accepting only high offers, In an experiment that combined both physiological and behavioral approaches to the study of decision making, PFC activity was recorded while participants accepted or rejected proposals to split a sum of money ($10). target; sourcec. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?a. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ____ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.a. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, this represents, Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify clear ________ for the problems. Intermediate states can be created bya. take a more effective approach to a problem, Take a more effective approach to a problem, In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. operatorsc. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. << stream Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps: a. restructuring, searching, and simulating. Greg's friend, Matt, didn't believe his story because Matt knew that tuna are salt-water fish and aren't found in ponds. In the movie Apollo 13, astronauts aboard a damaged spacecraft have to build a carbon dioxide filter out of random items that are aboard the ship with them. /Name /F3 Dual systems theory suggests that we have two systems that operate in cognition: one involving a fast, intuitive, non-conscious process, and the other, a slower, reflective, conscious processing system. This is an example of using reasoning. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, The Three Types Of Creativity And Artificial Intelligence, Guilford's Model Of Creativity Research Essay, Obstacles That Get In The Way Of Problem-Solving And Decision-Making. He now refers to the jacket as his lucky jacket and believes that it has some magical power to give him good fortune. If we judge the probability of Gabrielle's being a model quite high because she resembles our stereotype of a model, we are using. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as. restructuring goal states.c. Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 25 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. demonstrate a difference between how people. surface; enhancec. >> This research is an example of ______ research. noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. According to your text, the key to solving the Wason four-card problem is, One reason that most people do not easily solve the original (abstract) version of the Wason four-card problem is that they. /BaseFont /Helvetica-Oblique Continuing to take the street to the north represents ___________. familiar object.c. colorc. think-aloud p, The text's discussion of the research on in-vivo problem solving highlighted that ____ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems.a. d. take astronomy or geology as a physical science elective course. the Tower or Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. targetc. Mia's observations are likely influenced from a judgment error based on her using, Jonas bought a new leather jacket after saving for many months for the luxury purchase. How re-representing a problem can lead to a solution. Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up w/ creative uses for pre-inventive objects is they: How do cognitive psychologists approach researching the way people solve problems? An experiment measures participants' performance in judging syllogisms. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders! insight is when a problem cannot be solved using conventional methods (Metcalfe & Wiebe, 1987) and the problem solver realizes . Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ______ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem. people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically t. The way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. Arrange acrobats in order of ascending size from left to rightb. the sudden realization of a problem's solution. With the cartons, Ali made several bird feeders for his backyard and also planted tree seedlings in some of them; he used the remaining ones to build a "fort" for his four-year-old son. psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem bc: ill-defined problems are so named bc it is difficult to specify ______ for the problems. a. do not always make decisions that maximize their monetary outcome. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves. /Encoding 16 0 R /oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis solve insight problems.b. made the objects themselves.b. /Encoding 16 0 R realization of the solution is sudden. Josiah is trying to decide whether or not to take a new job in a new city. c. buy first class or coach tickets for a spring break trip. well-definedd. a.the solution is immediately obvious. b/t how people solve insight & non-insight problems. c. Experts often spend more time analyzing problems than novices. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a: Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. /Encoding 16 0 R has a large number of potential solutions.c. /Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles? Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices. This research is an example of ____ research.a. May 2013. subgoals.c. /Type /Page They found the ____ version to be more effective, because it had ____ features in common with the radiation problem.a. Using a tire as a swing seat and as a football practice targetc. << Chapter 12 Problem Solving and Reasoning Flashcards | Quizlet Whereas Metcalfe and Wiebe's (1987) participants provided a final warmth rating that indicated that they were certain they found the solution, our participants were instructed to provide warmth ratings only before they reached the solution, and the solution itself acted as the final rating. a.demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. 31. Metcalfe and Wiebe found that heat levels gradually increased before people found an adequate solution to the former type of problem, whereas the latter type of problem called "incremental" problems. The purpose of the experiment was to; a. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. How to Detect Insight Moments in Problem Solving Experiments Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? mental sets. Newell and Simon called the conditions at the beginning of the problem thea. 22 considerthefollowingconditionalsyllogism - Course Hero d. It has a single correct answer. /Subtype /Type1 Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. All of the exams use these questions; Ch1 - Focus on Nursing Pharmacology 6e Instructor Test Bank; IS2080C - Lab4 Excel . how analogies can be used to solve problems.b. 14 0 obj The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that ______ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems. a. d. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Jonas's belief in the jacket's cosmic ability is an example of, 8. /F4 6 0 R Metcalfe wiebe 1987 had participants solve insight - Course Hero Which of the following is an operator for the acrobat problem?a. /F12 14 0 R experience and sometimes do not. The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPTa. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and she participated in anti- nuclear demonstrations. d. candle can be oriented horizontally or diagonally. Phoenix's designers start preparing the floats for the next year's parade soon after the first of the year. The evolutionary approach proposes that the Wason problem can be understood in terms of people's. /Name /F2 She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. Novel objects before a function was described. A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department rather than in an artificial laboratory setting. Question 2 1 metcalfe and wiebe gave participants - Course Hero This experiment studies____ reasoning. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. PFC activation was. /Subtype /Type1 /degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles? >> present one sample design for a brief period.c. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. cog proc Flashcards | Chegg.com analogiesb. b. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state. 21 0 obj match box can be used as a container for tacks.b. restructuring.b. By doing this, Dr. Cassandra is using what approach to solve her problem? Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? /Encoding 16 0 R Greg's account contains. Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem for aliens. event-specific knowledge. 35. c. the same for accepted and rejected offers. Two premises and a conclusion are presented as stimuli, and participants are asked to indicate (yes or no) if the conclusion logically follows from the premises. This research is an example of _____ research. Divergent thinking is defined as an idea generating process wherein an i Divergent thinking, exploring many solutions in a creative way, was used in the classroom. Problem solving - University of Sargodha Amber takes the street to the north during that time. 16 0 obj . blankb. The best description of the purpose of thing-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine What information a person is attending to while solving a problem. << Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. the need to overcome a difficult obstacle with no obvious solution available. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. swingingc. a problem space to nd a solution (Ericsson & Simon, 1993 . 3, 8, 10, Fill in the blank to complete the trigonometric identity. candle can be cut in half.d. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between. The purpose of this experiment was to: a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. %PDF-1.4 Describe some strategies that help you solve problems and make decisions based on your reading assignment. The medium acrobat is on the left of the large a. means-end analysisb. surface features.b. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. d. can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side. the purpose of the exp. /Name /F9 By using a(n)_________ , a country could increase the percentage of individuals agreeing to be organ donors dramatically. Experts _____ than novices.a. endobj b. laboratory and real-world settings. hw7 | Quiz their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves: the Tower or Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach. creating subgoals, In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checker-board problem. Participants are given a chair and pliers. fewer tacks are provided.b. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. 19 - Foner, Eric. Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices.b. ill-definedb. Cecile has dreamed of owning her own home for years, and she can finally afford a small cottage in an older neighborhood. What fraction of 105 is 513?5 \frac{1}{3} ?531? 6 : Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make warmth judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution .The purpose of this experiment was to analogical transfer.c. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? After a substantial list has been created, they then go through every idea and rate its merits or deficits, until they come up with the best idea to pitch to the corporate sponsor. Quiz 12: Problem Solving | Quiz+ This is an example of the bias. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as -intermediate states -subgoals -operators -mental sets. functional fixednessc. 37. b. go out for junior varsity hockey or junior varsity basketball. The argument is strong because the premise includes nothing new. The analogy that makes the solution to the mutilated checkerboard problem obvious is the ______ problem. They are unable to. The finding that people tend to incorrectly conclude that more people die from tornados than from asthma has been explained in terms of the, Mia has lived in New York City all her life. Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumorb. /Name /F7 the box is empty.d. rise suddenly just; gradually r. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)a. novel object.b. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. However, a limitation of this and other classical paradigms for studying insightful and non-insightful problem solving is related to the fact that they use two different His task sets. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. >> c. inductive reasoning based on observations of multiple, specific cases. In his hurry, Miguel grabs two identical left-footed, size 6 red sneakers and runs to his mother still sock-footed. b. which people can be considered more creative in ability to solve problems. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC ] 34. unknotted, Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?a. frequently used object.d. /Subtype /Type1 Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. /F7 9 0 R The typical purpose of subgoals is toa. /F2 4 0 R Kaplan & simon's exp., presented diff. /F8 10 0 R We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. Which of the following alternatives is most probable? ill-defined. b. Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman and active in the feminist movement. c. had been preselected as "creative" individuals. Metcalfe and Wiebe - insight in problem solving -task: -insight problem: triangle problem -non insight problem: algebra - warmth judgements - result: insight problems solved suddenly and non insight problems were solved gradually (more linear) Obstacles to problem solving - functional fixedness - candle problem - two string problem 10 0 obj The circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside acircle, was proposed to illustrate: a. Howanalogies can be used to solve problems. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem . Chapter 12 Flashcards | Quizlet bread and butter, Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. /BaseFont /Courier-Oblique /Font << She notices that she feels more positive about her home when she drives home by the abandoned shacks, but she hates her home when driving past the fancy mansions with their large lawns. 9 0 obj The sudden realization of a problem's solution Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state.d. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Give Me Liberty! Add to folder insightc. They got to make up sentences tha Analogies are sometimes explored and developed at some length, for purposes of problem-solving. 3 0 obj a. what negative feelings will occur following a decision more so than positive feelings. Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. /Type /Font 240 METCALFE AND WIEBE mental warmth protocols than would insight problems.We also expected that people would have more accuratemetacognitions (about how well they would be able tosolve problems and which problems they would be ableto solve) for the noninsight than for the insight problems. Most people do not consider these offers and do not make a change to the plans or services that they receive because they do not want to make a decision that requires serious consideration or thought. << surface; diminishb. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving.a. b. gradually rise; rise suddenly just, c. rise suddenly just; gradually rise, d. vary unpredictably; vary unpredictably, 6. insufficient-intensi, Gentner and coworkers' studies show that analogical encoding causes problem solvers to pay attention to ____ features that ____ their ability to solve other problems.a. To test this hypothesis, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants insight problems, like the ones in the demonstration below, and noninsight problems and had them make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds, as they were working on the problems. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 25 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Newell & Simon, early computer program designers for problem solving. >> representation and restructuring.b. a. how similar the objects in the problem are. When Sharon asks Wally where they should go for dinner, Wally says "My coworkers keep telling me about that new Japanese place downtown, so it must be a great place to eat." Making probable conclusions based on evidence involves_____ reasoning. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. 26. Imagine that your friend James has just taken up the habit of smoking cigars because he thinks it makes him look cool. Cog Psych Quiz 4 MC Flashcards | Quizlet /Type /Font /.notdef/.notdef/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /Type /Font /Type /Encoding /Subtype /Type1 1 0 obj Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. how will she retrieve it? a. match box can be used as a container for tacks.
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