These are the ones we have on our shelf. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Foundations must rest on firm, undisturbed soil. Multiplying this by 0.12 gives 4,815. and then convert it right away, so 15 12 = 180. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Get unlimited access to free handouts, cheatsheets, and more! 2.00 50. . In this example you're given a rise of 2, you have to figure out what the run is, and youre given a 1:12 slope. This means that asoil test is the only way to really know the load-bearing value (LBV) of the soil for the footings on a given site. 33 divided by 100 gives us .33 groups of 100. If youre even more accurate and said that is actually . Slope Minimums for Various Roof Coverings Each of those groups I move up 4, so .33 multiplied by 4 feet, you get 1.32. Ramps cannot exceed 1:12, however. Kelly Bacon is a licensed general contractor with over 40 years of experience in construction, home building and remodeling, and commercial building. To find the missing variable we can rewrite it as x/15 = 5%, then solve for X. Run the string across the site and tie it on the toe tautly at the same fixed height on the stake. So, if I was solving this problem mathematically, I would type in the whole value of .0141667, end up with the 119.999962 answer and round up to 120. 17.6. Thissummarized guide is intended to provide a general sense of code requirements for foundation footings. Example: lets assume your climb gains 500 feet in altitude (the rise) and the horizontal distance as measured on the map is 3,000 feet (the run). Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected. If you purchase from one of these links, I will receive a small commission at no cost to you. Again, you cross multiply and divide. Example: Lets assume your climb gains 1,000 feet in altitude (the rise) and the horizontal distance as measured on the map is 1,000 feet (the run). Round that up to 16. This website uses cookies. Link to sign up for College Ready Math Program: https://collegereadymath.com/supplemental-algebra-homeschooling-parents/?ref=jonathanschwartz1I go over how t. Need help passing any of those exams? Presumptive undisturbed soil or disturbed soil of a minimum LBV per square foot. What Does Cost Per Square Foot Actually Mean? It is important that all local codes and standards are adhered to. Slope percentage is calculated in much the same way as the gradient. For example, since the length of the run is 80 feet . The preference for the bottom of the footingis that it is level. The answer comes out to 9. An official website of the United States government. Hunker may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. Anything above 3:12 is considered a steep roof and can be covered with metal panels, shingles, or tiles these roofs shed water and are not considered watertight. These commissions have no weight on my opinions but will help me to continue to maintain and grow this website. So, building codes naturally have a few things to say about foundation footings. Lee has over two decades of hands-on experience remodeling, fixing, and improving homes, and has been providing home improvement advice for over 13 years. All rights reserved. These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. As discussed in our pipe slope article, draining and sewer pipe slopes tend to be minimal. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. 1.7 inches for every 10 feet 1 inch per yard for every 12 feet = 4 inches for every 12 feet (someone check my math) The problem is that the question asks for appropriate slope but uses 1" per foot for 2 of the answers. Percent Slope: 33% Degree Slope: 18.4o Inches per Foot: 4. When there is a door landing or a ramp, an impervious surface may be installed and sloped at a 2-percent minimum. By creating an account you agree to the Hunker, How to Figure the Center Height of Rafters. Thus if (rise/run) = 0.02 and the "run" is 150, the "rise" in feet is actually a drop: (0.02)(150 feet) = 3 feet. The percent slope is the ratio of the rise and run, converted to a percentage by multiplying by 100. Start with the basic formula: percent slope = (rise/run) x 100. In some very steep roofs, you may see the gradient inverted so that the run varies, but the rise is held as 12. Site grading exceptions: Ground may be sloped at 5-percent in combination with water diversion methods. What is the slope of the line between them? hbbd``b`*u " 5`)t`?$c`bdn ` By default there are only two decimal places. 100% slope marks a road that rise one length per one length run, i.e. He is a member of The Spruce Home Improvement Review Board. Remember, slope is expressed as a ratio and in inches per foot. The river's predicted crest is similar to the 12.1-foot crest that produced flooding in the spring of 1983, one of only four years on record that the statewide snowpack has surpassed 200 percent . Remember, the question asked for rise in INCHES, so you're not done yet. 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 1.25 80. Display and/or use of the information contained within this site constitutes acceptance of the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. What is a 1 slope in inches per foot? Slopes vs. gradients vs. % grades 1% grade = 0.57 degrees = 1 cm per 100 cm = 1 inch per 100 inches = 0.125 inch per foot Visual Tool Slope Diagram Print this diagram and hold it up against an object to estimate the slope. 1.00 100. at a 1% slope, X would work out to 125. So, dont round too early. Slope Percent. Conversion Chart / Circular Measure Converter, Slope Example: An ant moves from the point ( 4, 5) to the point (2, 7). If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. The resulting equation is run = 0.75/.005, so run = rise/(slope percent/100). Are you planning on building a house and need help creating a budget? Emily Estep is a plant biologist and journalist who has worked for a variety of online news and media outlets, writing about and editing topics including environmental science and houseplants. The other way you can solve this is using the same percentage equation we did earlier, but this is an area where you have to pay attention to rounding. Slopes and how to calculate them are something youre going to encounter on all six ARE 5.0 exams. Roof slopes are typically described as a ratio of X to 12 units. Slope ground at 10-percent away from the foundation for 10 feet or more. Its the format most commonly used to describe things like roof slope, ramps, or pipe slope. With 12 inches in a foot, 9 inches would be 9/12 of a foot, or 3/4 of a foot, or 0.75 foot. There are 4 different ways that can be used to specify the slope: the angle of inclination, percentage, per mille, and ratio. How many inches per foot is a 1% slope? - AnswersAll An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. To find the missing variable we can rewrite it as x/15 = 5%, then solve for X. >1% is preferred in grassy areas to minimize any standing water. I hope that helps, Harley What is proper grade slope? There are so many different answers to this AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. 0.6 feet = 0.6 x 12 inches = 7.2 inches. 9 Ways To Stay On Budget When Building a House. Measure the horizontal run and the vertical rise and draw the lines in the chart to estimate inclination. You know that (rise/run) = 0.12 and that the "run" is (7.6 miles)(5,280 feet/mile) = 40,128 feet. Example: Say you drive up the Mount Washington Automobile Road in the northeastern United States to check out the fall foliage in the valleys below. For 2,000 LBV soil or greater, two-story buildings may have 12-inch minimum wide footings. Some decks, such as those not attached to the house, may not have the same depth requirements. With the 1/2 percent slope in mind, given a 9-inch rise, the formula to find the run would be: 0.5 = (9 inches/run) x 100. 3.5. Where rise = 9 inches and slope = 0.5 percent, the run will be 150 feet. The most complicated way to calculate slope is in degrees and it requires a bit of high-school math. An impervious surface may include walkways, patios, driveways, formal planters, parking lots or storage areas, and concrete or asphalt paving surfaces. Footings also must extend at least 12 inches below the frost line (the depth to which the ground freezes in winter) or must be frost-protected. 7.0. Roofs can be steeper than shown in the table above. has an angle of 45 degrees to a horizontal line. Code refers toload-bearing values (LBVs) as "presumptive." The spread part is a base that looks like an upside-down "T" and transfers the weight across its area. 1,000 divided by 1,000 equals 1Press the INV button on your calculator (sometimes called 2nd function)Press the TAN button on your calculatorYour angle of slope is 45 degrees, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192. If the run is 120 feet, the formula becomes 0.5 = (rise/120) x 100. Requirements for levelness are different for the top and bottom of the footing: The top of the footings must be level, with no exceptions. Please consult a professional architect, engineer, consultant, or agency for advice about specific projects, buildings, conditions, codes, and/or regulations. 01041667, then X works out to 119.999962, which obviously rounds to 120. Convert the rise and run to the same units and then divide the rise by the run. 2-3% slopes are preferred at the areas of pavement. Divide each side by 0.005. Slope Conversion Tables | PDF | Slope | Teaching Mathematics - Scribd Percentages are most commonly used for civil and landscape applications to describe the grade of a site. Perhaps you have heard or seen the term percent grade. Existing buildings can have ramps between 1:12 and 1:10 so long as the maximum rise is less than 6. 1/2. Receive a curated email with industry news focusing on practice, leadership, technology, and career growth. Multiply this number by 100 and you have the percentage slope. So that means for every group of 100 you have you go up or down 4. Just be aware that in the exam youll be told to round. For example, an area that rises 12 feet over a distance of 100 feet has a 12% slope. Just like we saw before, rise over run = slope. In this case you are given a run of 15 feet and a slope of 5 percent, but youre asked to find the rise in inches. Inches per foot, ratio and percent. 3 is .25 of a foot, so that becomes. It can be used to describe the steepness of a hill, the slope of a pipe, or the incline of a sidewalk. How to Figure Out Elevation Grade | How to Calculate Slope | How To Our answer is inches, so multiply by 12 to convert to inches and you get 15.84. Ratios are most commonly used in architectural applications. The formula to use for this calculation is: %Slope = Rise Run ! Percentage grade is often used to show slopes in transportation (streets, roads), construction and civil enginering. Generally, 1-5% slope is needed for drainage throughout the parking area as a minimum and maximum. He still throws his changeup only 4.3 percent of the time, after 4.8 percent as a rookie. The stake at the bottom of the slope is called the toe. Slope can be upward or downward. If the rise is 6 inches for every 12 inches of run, then the roof slope is "6 in 12." The slope can be expressed numerically as a ratio. Check out that page for more info and to get a free sample, which includes Assignment 1 with all the work shown here. Building Code Foundation Requirements - The Spruce Just like we saw before, rise over run = slope. Multiply each side by 120. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS The tangent of a given angle (in degrees) is equal to the rise divided by the run. Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! The spread footing should be no less than six inches thick. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. Challenging to build on or use for outdoor activities. The slope is just rise over run. Example: let's assume your climb gains 500 feet in altitude (the rise) and the horizontal distance as measured on the map is 3,000 feet (the run). A positive slope is associated with lines that move upward with respect to the horizontal with x-displacement, while a negative slope is associated with lines that move downward with respect to the horizontal with x-displacement. This calculator will calculate the drop in inches, the difference in elevation, from a slope expressed as a percentage. How to Calculate Grade, Fall, and Length for the Trades Person. Inches The quotient (rise/run) has a specific meaning in trigonometry. Print this diagram and hold it up against an object to estimate the slope. Therefore, the inverse-tangent of the rise divided by the run will give the angle. You can calculate the slope percentage by dividing the total elevation gain (rise) by the total horizontal distance (run). Youre given a rise of 1-3, you have to figure out the run and youre given a slope of : 12. See the Resources for an online tool that converts between slope and percent grade, with degrees used for the angles if desired. So the last example is probably the trickiest one. Our list of the top reference books for architects. That becomes X = .05 15 so X =0.75. 1,000 divided by 2,000 equals 0.5. You can calculate the slope percentage by dividing the total elevation gain (rise) by the total horizontal distance (run). 3/4. Measuring Roof Slope and Pitch - InterNACHI Thats always tricky because you. More about Kevin and links to his professional work can be found at www.kemibe.com. The Gradient Calculator is another online tool that may be useful to you. Slope can be expressed in angles, gradients or grades. Thus for you example, since the length of the run is 80 feet which is 80 12 = 960 inches the rise must be 0.01 960 = 9.6 inches. You then multiply that number by 100 to give you a percentage. Angle of slope represents the angle thats formed between the run (remember its an idealized flat surface that ignores elevation change) and your climbs angular deviation from that idealized flat surface. Slope - Degree, Gradient and Grade Calculator. *pemt&k*X}+qm1kg exr\>qj=QEw|c R~ W=H,$F xC This next one is a little more tricky. However, run is measured in feet, so it must be converted. So 4 in 100 is the same as saying 1:25. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. However, when Im doing these problems, I dont round until the end. So, its actually .125 divided by 12. 1025 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[1013 20]/Info 1012 0 R/Length 70/Prev 28965/Root 1014 0 R/Size 1033/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'architectwisdom_com-banner-1','ezslot_1',107,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-architectwisdom_com-banner-1-0');Roof PitchSlope PercentageRoof Angle1/4:122.08%1.191:128.33%4.762:1216.67%9.463:1225%14.044:1233.33%18.435:1241.67%22.626:1250%26.577:1258.33%30.268:1266.67%33.699:1275%36.8710:1283.33%39.8111:1291.67%42.5112:12100%4513:12108.33%47.2914:12116.67%49.4015:12125.00%51.3416:12133.33%53.13, Generally, any pipe that needs to drain should be sloped so that liquids and solids dont pool or build up. United States Salary Tax Calculator 2023/24, United States (US) Tax Brackets Calculator, Statistics Calculator and Graph Generator, Grouped Frequency Distribution Calculator, UK Employer National Insurance Calculator, DSCR (Debt Service Coverage Ratio) Calculator, Arithmetic & Geometric Sequences Calculator, Volume of a Rectanglular Prism Calculator, Geometric Average Return (GAR) Calculator, Scientific Notation Calculator & Converter, Probability and Odds Conversion Calculator, Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) Calculator. Also, tension, friction and energy can be reduced as well, if some heavy objects are moved using a ramp. Formula: total fall = length x grade 1 inch per foot for every 2 feet = 5 inches for every 10 feet most correct answer 1 inch per foot for every 6 feet = approx. In this case the slope percent will be 1/2 or 0.5. In this case, the slope of a line on a graph is its rise divided by its run, which itself may not mean anything yet. Percentage means per 100. 500 divided by 3,000 equals 0.166. Can be built on without too much difficulty and is suitable for informal outdoor activities. The following table covers common slopes by gradient (degrees and percentages are calculated): Next, we have some common slopes by degrees (gradient and percentage are calculated): Finally, here is a list of some common slopes by percentage (gradient and degrees are calculated): Roof slopes are identified using the gradient method described above where the rise varies, but the run is usually 12. For example, the angle of the driveway, the pitch of a roof, the angle of a hill, etc. As is often the case in the natural sciences, a term with a general or even poetic meaning in everyday language has a very specific definition in practice. Slope percentage is calculated in much the same way as the gradient. This ratio is always expressed as inches per foot. The run is the horizontal distance measured from the higher side of the land used to the lower side. Horizontal/Vertical 96 48 32 24 19 16 14 12 10.7 9.6 8.7 8.0 7.4 6.9 6.4 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 Inches per Foot Horizontal to Vertical Slope Ratio ( __ to 1) Percent Slope Degrees Slope Slope Ratio: 3:1 or 3 to 1 Percent Slope: 33% Degree Slope: 18.4o Inches per Foot: 4 3 1 Slope Remember, the question asked for rise in INCHES, so you're not done yet. 8.7. If the top of the mountain is 6,288 feet above sea level, what is the approximate elevation of the start of the road? However, we already proved that the answer was 120, so if we rounded early gives us an answer thats off by 5. Insert the run number in the formula as well. If you're given some unit-less numbers like in this example, you can easily rewrite the slope to a ratio, in this case 3:12. 700 divided by 500 equals 1.4Multiply 1.4 by 100 to derive percent of slope: 140%. If you think you might not remember to do the conversion at the end, you can convert at the earliest point possible. The best way to set this one up, again, is a ratio. Lets rewrite that into something more simple because its hard to do 1-3. It can be expressed as a ratio, like 1:8 or as a percentage, like 12.5%. 4.5 Slope. 1:12 sloped ramps are the maximum slope allowed by ADA codes and they require handrails. For example, you have a driveway that is 50 feet long and is 4 feet higher at the end than at the beginning. x=1.32 is 15.84. The "run" assumes you're traveling on an idealized flat surface it does not account for the actual distance traveled once elevation change is factored in. Slope percentage is a way of describing how much elevation is gained over a given distance. Determine the desired gradetypically 1-2% (1/8" per foot to 1/4" per foot) is enough to provide enough runoff. might think it's 8/12, but be careful, it's actually one-eigth over 12. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[120,600],'architectwisdom_com-box-4','ezslot_2',106,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-architectwisdom_com-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[120,600],'architectwisdom_com-box-4','ezslot_3',106,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-architectwisdom_com-box-4-0_1');.box-4-multi-106{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:600px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Use this chart to estimate the inclination or slope. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The Archtoolbox Guide and Templates for Developing a Fee for Architectural Services. Start with the basic formula: percent slope = (rise/run) x 100. If the pitch is 1/3, the slope is 8:12. The percent slope in turn is an easy arithmetic step forward from the value of the slope itself. 1.75 57. Sand, Silty Sand, Clayey Sand, Silty Gravel, Clayey Gravel, Clay, Sandy Clay, Silty Clay, Clayey Silt. Download Visual Tool Slope Diagram as pdf file. That becomes X = .05 15 so X =0.75. There are three common slopes used, which are referenced in the International Plumbing Code. Yosemite National Park to close amid flood threat from melting snowpack Regardless, make sure your ARE 5.0 Slope Math is up to code for those exams! If the numbers are not so obvious, divide the rise inches by 12 to get the feet, so 9/12 = 0.75. Gentle slopes are easier to build on and more useful for recreation. 0.75 ft = 9 in because 0.75 * 12 = 9. You have .125x = 1.2512, and that works out to 120. The formula for calculating a 1/2 percent slope can be approached in at least two ways: You can easily solve for the rise or the run using a calculator. Fill in the formula with the numbers you have. It is important to understand what is a slope. Steeper slopes are more expensive to build on and will require more grading or retaining structures to keep the slopes stable. Percent slope = 100 (rise/run); 2 = 100 (rise/run); (rise/run) = 2/100 = 0.02 Thus if (rise/run) = 0.02 and the "run" is 150, the "rise" in feet is actually a drop: (0.02) (150 feet) = 3 feet. 1% as a decimal is 0.01 and hence the slope is 0.01. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Example: What is the vertical drop of a 2 percent slope in feet over a horizontal distance of 150 feet? %%EOF 12.3. Youre given the slope and youre given the run, and youre asked to find the rise. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. The IBCencompasses the International Residential Code (IRC) but includes provisions for commercial buildings as well as for residential buildings. endstream endobj 1017 0 obj <>stream Angle of Inclination: Slope Length: You may set the number of decimal places in the online calculator. endstream endobj startxref Another way to set this one up is you can always change the slope to a ratio. Spread footings help distributethe load carried by the footings over a wider area. Calculating Slope and Common Slopes in Architecture 5.2. The rise is 7.2 inches. A Slope can be referred to as a piece of ground that has a specific slant, which is also called a "Grade". We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Undisturbed soil is significantly stronger than soil that has been disturbed. for use in every day domestic and commercial use! We'll start with a simple rise over run and then look at some more complicated examples with mixed units or missing information. Walkways should be designed so that they are sloped enough to keep water from puddling, but not so steep to be difficult for some populations to use. Another way you can see the slope presented is in a value per 100. If you are moving along with no change in your elevation (i.e, vertical position with respect to some fixed reference point in a coordinate system), you might remark that there is zero slope along your path. Slope can also be expressed as an angle, which gives the amount of deviation . Sheet3 Sheet2 Slope Conversion Tables Slope Conversion Tables 1/4 1/2 3/4 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Percent Slope Degrees Slope Inches per Foot 11 12 The concept of slope is perhaps more familiar to you in everyday language than as a formal term in mathematics. Check out the ARE 5.0 Slope Math video. Learn the components of the formula. A roof between 1/4:12 and 3:12 is considered a low slope roof. Youre given a rise of 1-3, you have to figure out the run and youre given a slope of : 12. So, if we round at the beginning and said thats a 1% slope, then 1.25/x at a 1% slope, X would work out to 125. To Determine Percent of Slope and Angle of Slope hb``b``Jd Y81e,zU!j.u20,x v One thing you might recognize is that /12 is just about a 1% slope, but its not exactly a one percent. Slope ground at 10-percent away from the foundation for 10 feet or more. And pitch is a fraction derived by dividing the rise by the entire span. As an Amazon Associate, Archtoolbox earns from qualifying purchases. Slope - Degree, Gradient and Grade Calculator - Engineering ToolBox Low slope roofs have gradients of 3:12 or less. Note: The ratio is determined to be "1 in n" which is different to the mathematical "1:n". We set up our equation so 2/x = 1/12. The term "unit" is used in codes to refer to any type of measurement that is being used during building, whether Imperial or metric. Angle - Inch per foot [in/ft] Conversion of units of measurement from physics and maths, e.g. First, solve for the slope in decimal terms, bearing in mind that percent is just 100 times the original number: Percent slope = 100(rise/run); 2 = 100(rise/run); (rise/run) = 2/100 = 0.02. In fact, a roof can be almost vertical. LaserLevel: Convert Grade and Slope between Ratios, Percentage and Degrees. 0.50 200. By default there are only two decimal places. Angles are measured in degrees and are more commonly used in construction horizontal (in plan) rather than vertically. Calculate angle degrees, grade and length of slope. If we talk about the angle of slope which can be worked out using the Slope Calculator, then we can mean a range of various things whose angle of the slope can found. Multiply 0.166 by 100 to derive percent of slope: 16.6%. For example, you have a driveway that is 50 feet long and is 4 feet higher at the end than at the beginning. The ground immediately adjacent to the foundation footingson the exterior of the foundationshould slope down at a ten-percent minimum slope. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. hj0_E2#)m('^lz&vHvs"mZXb8 hQ"gJB"$+(1_9+rTdKf. 4.5 Slope | NWCG For instance, roofs are noted using gradients, but cross-slopes on sidewalks are usually notated in degrees. Copyright 2023 Archtoolbox. Rearrange the formula to solve for the rise. To go to a percentage you can rewrite this as 3/12, which equals 0.25, so the slope is 25%. PDF Slope Conversion Tables - LascoLaser.com Similarly, an area that falls 10 feet over a 30 feet distance has a 33% slope. 1.25 /x = .125/12 . You can find the roof pitch in the form of x:12 like 4/12 or 9/12. Decimal Places Results Angle of Inclination: 45.00 deg. Make a Shortcut to this Calculator on Your Home Screen. It is the tangent of the angle between the sloping line and the horizontal (x-axis). In this post I'm going to show how to solve a few typical slope problems. 1013 0 obj <> endobj If you have any questions or comments please, Excavation Material Removal Calculator Swell and Shrinkage, Material from a Rectangular Shaped Excavation, Volume of a Cone Shaped Pile Calculator - Metric, Excavator/Tractor Fuel Consumption per Hour, Elevation Grade Slope in a Percentage, Millimetres, Horizontal Length from Angle and Slope Length, Vertical Depth from a Slope Percentage and Horizontal Length, List - Bulking/Swell of Excavated or Mined Materials, List - Swell and Shrinkage of Excavated Materials List. The answer comes out to 9. This is read as a "one in twelve slope.". Divide each side by 100, yielding 0.005 = 0.75/run. Thats always tricky because you might think it's 8/12, but be careful, it's actually one-eigth over 12.
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