Bentonite clay is generally OK to use on your skin and hair. Some research shows it may remove pesticides and help treat metal poisoning. Most experts recommend that you dont consume BC internally for more than four weeks in a row. Bentonite clay can be applied to any area on the skin of babies that is irritated, red or needs soothing in the same way that traditional powders are used. It can help to remove these substances from the surface of the skin and within pores, helping to reduce breakouts. Why on earth? I have used bentonite in baths and the drink before and it has helped a lot for gastro issues. A poison ivy rash can cause redness, irritation, and severe itching. People taking the bentonite clay experienced a significant improvement in abdominal discomfort and pain vs. those getting a placebo (a drug having no active properties). Murphy EJ, Roberts E, Horrocks LA. It is also used to cleanse the gut of some bacteria that cause discomforts and illness. As with any natural remedy, people with health conditions should talk with their doctor before using bentonite clay to be sure that it is safe. Use approximately 1 part clay to 1-1 parts water. So far, this effect has only been observed in animals, but may also apply in human subjects. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Bentonite clay is healthy for the mouth and gentle on teeth. It is reported that oral bentonite slightly decreases incorporation of calcium in the bones of goats (52). For this reason, people may wish to use it alongside FDA-approved sunscreens. Which Bentonite Clay to Choose Eriksson I. The cleaning process removes many of the healing properties of the clay. These toxins can accumulate in the body and keep it from. In the second century A.D., Galen, the famous Greek philosopher and physician, was the first to record the use of clay by sick or injured animals. Characterized by its expandable properties and swelling capacity, these clays are knownas 'healing clays'.Adsorption and AbsorptionThe distinguishing terms of adsorption and absorption characterizes the key active factor in the healing properties present in this form of clay.Adsorption describes the process by which the charged particles of substances with positive charged ions (e.g. government site. Bentonite Clay - Mountain Rose Herbs Scientists need to conduct more research before they can confirm that bentonite clay is safe and effective for use in humans. Bentonite clays adsorbent power may be helpful in treating acne breakouts and oily skin. This makes cleanup gross and difficult. Mitchell NJ, Kumi J, Aleser M, et al. (1993). Chicks that received a concentrated bentonite clay product had fewer toxic effects than those who did not receive the clay. Its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties make this special grade of clay good for protecting your skin. In contrast, exposure to high levels (fluorosis) may cause stain the teeth, weaken the bones, and damage the brain . Natural calcium Bentonite clay has a high pH and an exceptionally strong adsorption and absorption ability. Background: Bentonite is a natural clay composed mainly of montmorillonite with other associated minerals such as feldspar, calcite and quartz. Gedikoglu Y, Gedikoglu G, Berkin G, et al. According to some research, bentonite clay may be helpful in removing some lead from the body. Absorbent clay will only absorb positively charged toxins and impurities and ignore negatively charged nutrients.Removes toxins from your systemClay is a catalyst that assists the body in detoxification and removing positive charged ions from the body. Clay is the product of earth birthing itself in a new form. The clay gets rid of free ions, toxin buildup in the stomach and intestines. Is Clumping Litter Bad for Cats? - Jess Caticles No currently accepted treatment method exists for these viral infections, but its possible bentonite clay could be a candidate for more research on the subject. It has a low risk of side effects when a person uses it in moderate amounts. Bentonite clay forms from volcanic ash. The clay should also be odorless and not have much of any taste at all. It performs this job with every form of toxin whether chemical by nature or a by product of the body's own health processes, such as "stress", inefficient metabolism or proliferation of free radicals.The clay is not digested in the same way as food; since it is "inorganic", toxins are not reabsorbed into the bloodstream, but eliminated through intestinal tract acting as a bulk agent.Recommendations for use of ClayDry Powder applicationFirst clay must be taken internally. Melanoma treatment via non-specific adhesion of cancer cells using This allows the two to bind together easily and stay united while the toxin removal process happens. Scars can form as a result of acne. Because bentonite clay can stick to toxins, it may be helpful for regulating a persons digestive tract. It could cause a blockage in your intestines. Montmorillonite is reported not only to adsorb thyroxin and triiodothyronine in vitro but also reduces these hormones in hyperthyroidism model mice. Thanks to the clays special ability to act as an antibiotic treatment when applied topically, BC can also help to calm skin infections, like diaper rash and contact dermatitis. Broad-spectrum in vitro antibacterial activities of clay minerals against antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens, Adsorption of coliphages T1 and T7 to clay minerals. Preparation and evaluation of inclusion complexes of commercial sunscreens in cyclodextrins and montmorillonites: performance and substantivity studies. bentonite clay, sugar, coffee. T-2 is a trichothecene mycotoxin which is a naturally occurring mold byproduct of Fusarium fungus and is toxic to humans and animals. CLAY: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions - WebMD Because the clay is readily available and required no modern processing, its easy to see why its been a popular and cost-effective way of detoxing the body for quite some time. Try gargling the clay in your mouth with some water for 30 seconds to 1 minute, similarly to using mouthwash. NovaSil clay does not affect the concentrations of vitamins A and E and nutrient minerals in serum samples from Ghanaians at high risk for aflatoxicosis, Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, Short-term safety evaluation of processed calcium montmorillonite clay (NovaSil) in humans. It was shown that montmorillonite is able to absorb coliphages T1 and T7 of Escherichia coli in vitro (47). Its commonly mined in the state of Wyoming. Although pain or discomfort was not significantly improved in the entire IBS population treated with montmorillonite in comparison with placebo, it modulates bowl habits in constipation-predominant IBS (39). Can Bentonite Clay Be Used For Pottery - Judy Greene Pottery Clay baths help to keep your body cleansed by pulling toxins through the pores. Bentonite clay, is considered by many as a healing clay and has been widely used. But the FDA doesnt regulate health and cosmetic products, so theres no way to know exactly whats in them or if theyll work. By searching between more than 2500 articles in Pubmed about bentonite clay, it was determined that about 100 articles were related to the effect of bentonite on body function. penetration or rupturing of the cell) and/or chemical interaction of the clay with bacteria (i.e. Mortazavi S, Tavasoli A, Atefi M, et al. (2014). This manuscript reports on the effect of bentonites on cell growth behaviour. Why? By removing toxins, digestive-distress causing chemicals and heavy metals from the gut, bentonite clay helps to promote digestion. Evaluation of clay/poly (L-lactide) microcomposites as anticancer drug, 6-mercaptopurine reservoir through in vitro cytotoxicity, oxidative stress markers and in vivo pharmacokinetics, Studying the genotoxic effects induced by two kinds of bentonite particles on human B lymphoblast cells in vitro. 12 Bentonite Clay Benefits You Need to Know - Primal Life Organics #1 (2016). (2008). WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including lead, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. Antibacterial and anti-infectious, it fights against bacteria. At least there hasnt been an actual case of bentonite clay causing cancer and reproductive harm. Volcanic ash clay falls into seven separate and distinct family groups, some of which are used for commercial andindustrial purposes.Calcium based Bentonite clay is derived from the Smectite group of clays, and is the rarest form of clay in the Smectite family. As part of a healthy diet containing plenty ofalkaline foods, naturaldetox drinks andprobiotics/prebiotics, bentonite clay has been found in certain studies to contribute to weight loss in healthy men over a 21-day period. (2012). Generally, it seems that bentonite is a reliable treatment for metal poisoning. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); How Harmful Is Bentonite Clay? Healing clays like bentonite have a high concentration of minerals including silica, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, and potassium. (2014). Early French cultures used clay for nutrition and medicinal purposes and also as a trading medium. Schell TC, Lindemann MD, Kornegay ET, Blodgett DJ. Are there any harmful effects of bentonite clay? Avoiding exposure to lead and getting tested for lead exposure are the best ways to prevent lead poisoning. Variations of both of these viruses can also be present in human beings. Bentonite clay is actually formed when volcanic ash settles in water. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Quaternium-18 bentonite lotion has been shown to act effectively in preventing or diminishing experimentally produced poison ivy and poison oak allergic contact dermatitis (28, 29). The site is secure. Its used to treat many different conditions affecting the skin to the digestive system. Zeolite binds both urea and ammonia, potentially offering protection . Some people use bentonite clay to cleanse specific parts of their body. (2013). Stir thoroughly with a wooden or plastic spoon (do not use metal). Employing volcanic tuff minerals in interior architecture design to reduce microbial contaminants and airborne fungal carcinogens of indoor environments. Bentonite is shown to decrease the bleeding and clotting time and therefore is suggested as a haemostatic agent (60, 61). People have used bentonite clay to remove impurities on the skin, such as oils, and toxins from the body for thousands of years. To illustrate, we'll use the example of bentonite's effectiveness against aflatoxins. It also seems to have anti-aging effects by helping with the use of calcium in forming strong bones, nails and teeth. But in the case of treating stomach gas and easing diarrhea, it will have to be consumed, but doctors have warned against eating bentonite clay. Figueiredo Gomes, C. d. S. (2018). Who should use it: Those with oily or acne-prone skin may find bentonite clay to be especially beneficial, though it can be too drying for those with dry or sensitive skin, says Fahs. I obviously need the chemo drugs to work, but I struggle with Nausea etc etc during the days after chemo and the drugs the doctors have given me give me even more terrible side effects. The names Bentonite and Montmorillonite are sometimes used interchangeably to refer to edible Calcium Bentonite Clays. This may be one of its most well studied benefits. In 2016, the FDA warned consumers not to use a certain type of bentonite clay due to it having high lead levels. Some skin care masks contain bentonite, but a person can also make their own bentonite mask at home. 3 . [Toxicological and sanitary characterization of bentonite nanoclay]. Much of the immune system actually lives inside of the gut microbiome, and when the gut wall is compromised, toxins are better able to leach into the bloodstream and cause serious problems. The effects of Bentonite and Calendula on the improvement of infantile diaper dermatitis. Our team includes licensed nutritionists and dietitians, certified health education specialists, as well as certified strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers and corrective exercise specialists. Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased. When mixed with water it forms a thick paste. Benefits of bentonite clay for skin include: When combined with water and left to dry on the skin as a clay mask, BC is able to bind to bacteria and toxins. BC essentially seeks toxins in the body to bind with due to its chemical composition. Related: Baby Powder Asbestos Dangers: Should You Worry? The articles were searched in Medline between the English language journals. Some people use this paste for medical or cosmetic benefits, such as treating rashes and acne or as a hair mask. (2015). Alternatively, mix the clay with shea butter, coconut oil, or zinc oxide cream. Furthermore, it is claimed that bentonite clay treats and has an excellent effect on the following problems: skin infections, pimples, poison ivy allergy, constipation, recurring diarrhea, diaper rash, and high cholesterol levels. The FDA focused on"Bentonite Me Baby ," a brand of powdered clay sold at stores including Target and Sally Beauty Supply. Using Quaternium-18-Bentonite in a moisturizing cream has been shown to improve chronic hand dermatitis in a majority of individuals with previously uncontrolled dermatitis (30). There has been. Learn more about some of the proven risks and benefits. Apply a small amount of the product to the area inside the elbow and wait for 24 hours. It might acts as an adsorbent to reduce the effect of this toxin on body (20, 21). Bentonite clay is proven to be effective in many cases like dogs having diarrhea or vomiting. BC has the ability to fight infections, boost immunity and digestion, and improve skin, dental and hair health. It nourishes skin/hair by balancing oil production, removing dead skin cells, clearing clogged pores, and fighting bacteria. Health Benefits & Uses of Bentonite Clay | Wellness Mama (2009). Coelho GL, Dornelas CB, Soares KC, et al. Effects of feeding aflatoxin-contaminated diets with and without clay to weanling and growing pigs on performance, liver function, and mineral metabolism. These substances are both adsorbed (sticking to the outside like Velcro) and absorbed (drawn inside) by the clay molecules. Why is your dog eating montmorillonite clay? What Are the Dangers of Bentonite? | livestrong Many commercial facial masks contain clays because of their clarifying effect on the skin. Thanks! Then bentonite might help nutrients absorption through increasing gut flora activity. Afriyie-Gyawu E, Wang Z, Ankrah NA, et al. This kind of clay can be modified and converted into synthetic materials. Shake again before use.Quality ClayThe best healing clay is that which has not been processed (heated or bleached). Somebentonite clay products contains trace amounts of lead and other heavy metals and may not be appropriate for consumption, especially by by children and pregnant women. When the clay is ingested into the body, the positively charges toxins are attracted to the negatively charged surfaces of the clay molecule. When combined with magnesium, BC has been shown to improve the purity of tap water, which leads to some promising possibilities for using it in the future as a widespread cost-effective water purification method. So, are there any Bentonite clay cleanse side effects? Plus, clay or soil can have high levels of harmful germs and heavy metals like lead, arsenic, and mercury. When rats ingested bentonite for 2 weeks before T-2 toxicosis, a significant increase in fecal excretion of this toxin and a decrement of that in muscle has been reported (8) which indicates the healing effect of bentonite against T2 toxicosis. In this article, we will look at the research behind 11 potential health benefits of bentonite clay, along with potential risks. Bentonite clay, which is said to be highly detoxifying, can also be used on the skin to remove oils and toxins. Clarke G, Stilling RM, Kennedy PJ, et al. These substances are both adsorbed (sticking to the outside like Velcro) and absorbed (drawn inside) by the clay molecules.The clay has an immediate effect on the digestive system which involves the binding of toxic substances and removing them from the body. The clay can help remove sebum, or oil, from the skins surface, and it may also have a calming effect on inflamed breakouts. Sodium bentonite, called the "clay of a thousand uses" because of its versatility. Its possible that the reason people find relief in these situations has to do with the way bentonite protects the lining of your intestines from letting toxins through, which would otherwise contribute to leaky gut. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common, long-term condition of the digestive system. In children,. Too much could potentially result in bentonite clay side effects including disruption of normal digestion and problems with absorption of vital nutrients. If diarrhea persists, see a doctor. 8600 Rockville Pike Bentonite clay is a natural clay with a fine, soft texture. Can Bentonite Clay Be Used For Pottery - MommyLikeWhoa The absorption of bentonite clay is also a way to clean the body. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal People can buy bentonite clay powder in drug stores or choose from many brands online. Bentonite clay certainly has a history of medicinal uses, along with plenty of anecdotal accounts to suggest that it's effective for external and internal uses. Cytotoxicity of aluminum silicates in primary neuronal cultures. Bentonite clay may be a helpful supplement for people who are trying to lose weight. The most common sub family is Montmorillonite. Medical News Today, August 14, 2004. Aflatoxins are poisonous and cancer-causing chemicals that are produced by certain molds which primarily affects liver. One study found that compared to calendula, bentonite had faster healing effects and is more effective at improving infantile diaper dermatitis. It is from the struggle of the birthing process that clay comes forth as a highlycharged ash form from the extreme heat and force of the volcano from which it comes.All clay is volcanic ash - formed from volcanic activity millions of years ago. According to the Best Bentonite website, customers mix the product with water and ingest it or apply it to their skin. Bentonite clay actually works like a sponge or an absorber on your skin; it absorbs dirt and oil like sebum. Schell et al showed that in pigs, when clay is added to aflatoxin-contaminated corn, it partially restored liver function without greatly affecting mineral metabolism (10). The keyword included mainly bentonite to assess all the articles in medicine field. (2014). Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. (2011). If diarrhea does not subside after treatment with clay products, a person should continue to drink plenty of fluids, try more common approaches to treating diarrhea, and contact their doctor. As explained more below, these include: Bentonite clay benefits your body in several key ways: BC can help to reduce the negative effects of toxins that we encounter everyday, such as those given off from paint, cleaning supplies, markers, substances used in building homes, low-quality unpurified water, and even pesticides. Calcium Bentonite clay safely removes toxins from your system.How does Bentonite Clay work?Bentonite clay carries a uniquely strong negative charge which causes it to magnetically attract any substance with a positive ionic charge (i.e. If a person wants to use bentonite clay, they should look for a product labeled as safe for internal use from a reputable brand or source. Another study looked at the effects of montmorillonite clay, which is very similar to bentonite clay, on reducing toxins in children in Ghana, West Africa. (2012). It also promotes beneficial bacterial balance in the digestive system, and helps boost immune system by way of liver detoxification and colon cleanse. Try creating a bentonite clay mask for your face by combining: BC, rosewater, apple cider vinegar. Mix bentonite clay with water to form a paste and apply it to the affected area. The Surprising Risks of Using Bentonite Clay - Dr. Linda Khoshaba Most toxins and heavy metals have positively charged molecules. (2011). 4 Amazing Benefits Of Taking Citalopram At Night. Williams LB, Haydel SE, Ferrell RE. How and Why to Drink Bentonite Clay (anti-radiation, detox, gut & more) So, there you have it. It may also help support hair growth, make hair shinier, reduce dandruff, and prevent infections that can affect the scalp. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. Bentonite clay binds to aflatoxins and prevents poisoning. Bentonite clay, also known as sodium bentonite, is a type of clay that is commonly used in industrial and medicinal settings. Apply to wet hair from root to tip, then roll up your hair and put on a shower cap. It has the potential for sorption the pesticide endrin possibly due to a combination of hydrophobic and charge-dipole interactions (19) in lab conditions. Within the Smectite family, there are hundreds of different type of clays, each consisting between 8 and 145 minerals. Efficacy of a Brazilian calcium montmorillonite against toxic effects of dietary aflatoxins on broilers reared to market weight, Aflatoxin toxicity reduction in feed by enhanced binding to surface-modified clay additives. Armpit Detox: Does It Work? - Healthline People use clay for diarrhea and other stomach disorders, mouth sores, detoxification, and . It has natural swelling abilities, swelling 1518 times its dry size when combined with water, making it an effective hole plug.. Effects of bentonite and monensin on selected elements in the stomach and liver of fauna-free and faunated sheep, Effects of montmorillonite on alleviating dietary Cd-induced oxidative damage in carp (Carassius auratus). As kidney function decreases, the BUN (blood urea nitrogen) level rises. However, another cell line was grown larger when exposed to the substance. Miracle of Healing Clay. Mahrous KF, Hassan AM, Radwan HA, Mahmoud MA. Wash the skin with soap and water as soon as possible after touching poison ivy. It can also be added to foods or drinks to remove toxins as a digestive aid. Hu C, Song J, You Z, Luan Z, Li W. (2012). In diaper dermatitis, which is one of the most common skin disorders of infancy, bentonite is reported to act better and faster than calendula, the current treatment of this type of dermatitis (31, 32). In a study published by theJournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, results indicate that specific mineral products have intrinsic, heat-stable antibacterial properties, which could provide an inexpensive treatment against numerous human bacterial infections.. Can It Cause Cancer? Then condition and style as you normally would. To prepare a clay bath, scatter about 2 cups of Bentoniteclay into the bath. Bentonite is absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate clay. (2010). As traditional remedies seem to have a deep root in maintaining body health, it merits doing more research works on bentonite clay and its impacts on body function. If you plan on consuming bentonite clay by mouth (ingesting it either by eating or drinking the clay), try this: Drink 1/2 to 1 teaspoon once per day as many days of the week as youd like. In experimental model of hypercreatininaemia in mouse, montmorillonite is reported to decrease serum creatinine by absorbing that in GI tract and accelerating its excretion from the intestine (44). Drinking hydrated Bentonite clay is one of the best ways to cleanse the body and detoxify it. Montmorillonite has been used as a drug delivery system for drugs used in cancer therapy such as Paclitaxel (54), 5-fluorouracil (55), 6-mercaptopurine (56). We include products we think are useful for our readers. Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Technically BC is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate clay. It could cause a blockage in your intestines. Sep 5 2003;73(16):2059-2069. Smirnova VV, Tananova ON, Shumakova AA, et al. Bentonite clay has been researched as an effective way to remove some of the dangerousfluorideoften found in drinking water, which is linked to serious diseases such as diabetes, thyroid dysfunction and brain damage. Paraquat is a toxic herbicide and is not available easily in the U.S. Besides, it does not affect the serum concentrations of important vitamins and nutrient minerals in humans (3). When preparing BC mixtures,always use a nonreactive bowl, in other words one that is wood, plastic or glass. Bentonite clay is a powerful detoxifier and can be used on the skin to remove oils and toxins. Diatomaceous Earth Benefits, Uses and Side Effects - Dr. Axe See also The 6 Best Weight Loss Exercises For Women HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help But because calcium bentonite is a non-swelling bentonite, it doesnt serve the same purposes for industrial uses. Lantana camara, a species of flowering plant, is known to be toxic to livestock such as cattle, sheep, horses, dogs and goats. Benefits of calcium bentonite clay Our everyday lives expose us to pesticides, lead, and trace metals like copper on a regular basis. For virus-related mild diarrhea, take 1 tsp of bentonite clay mixed in water no more than twice per day. Are There any Dangers of Bentonite Clay? - Herbs-Plants.com The more clay is used, the more powerful the response.Liquid DrinkMix 1 part clay to 10 parts water. The researchers explained that the cell formations and swelling of bentonite clay is the reason for this, and that it could potentially be effective against specific types of cancers (like glioblastomas), but not others. Learn about how to get rid, Oily skin can be frustrating, but it can be managed. Mcg/g is the same as parts per million (ppm). This will help flush the clay from the digestive tract and prevent constipation. This enables the clay to remove toxins from the body, while also providing important minerals. . What color is real bentonite clay? Gut flora is the complex community of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of humans and other animals. Unfortunately, the person you have addressed your question to has passed away. Clays can have different amount of mineral compositions and varying effects on the body. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, One review of the benefits of bentonite clay, more common approaches to treating diarrhea, Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4115346/, https://scialert.net/fulltextmobile/?doi=rjes.2015.1.15, https://gutpathogens.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13099-017-0172-2, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113598002417?via%3Dihub, https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm491396.htm, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10653-016-9903-4, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4774071/, https://www.jaad.org/article/0190-9622(95)90237-6/pdf, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4183404/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5632318/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258857/, https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/147038/136555, https://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/surveillance.html, https://academic.oup.com/ps/article/96/6/1651/2498817, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4759552/, One-hour endoscopic procedure could eliminate the need for insulin for type 2 diabetes, New clues to slow aging? Bentonite is shown to promote the diffusion of urea from blood vessel to intestine, and inhibits the absorption of urea in intestine (45). Bentonite clay comes from the earth, where it may collect heavy metals, pesticides, or other substances. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of bentonite clay may help your skin heal. High cholesterol is a leading cause of heart disease. are clickable links to medically peer-reviewed studies. No report or study shows bentonite clay causes cancer in dogs. This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Do not use metal lids, as the clay may adsorb some of the metals properties over time. Mix a small amount of bentonite clay with water to make a paste and apply it directly to the rash. Drink plenty of water throughout the day while using bentonite clay. Plus, it is very gentle and naturally cleansing. (1995).
Cx4 Barrel Shroud Purpose,
Mugshots Comeback Burger Calories,
Articles B