Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. The ball rebounds to 72 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. This is impossible. 8. More thermal energy is also produced. This is a sample on how to write the results, conclusion and make charts. This means that the higher h. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Dependable controls are sometimes very hard to develop. Using the trends in your experimental data and your experimental observations, try to answer your original questions. The ball did not reach terminal velocity however as it did not have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity. For an experiment to give answers you can trust, it must have a control. A control is an additional experimental trial or run. Apparatus:Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. This phenomenon is described by Newton's third law. My hypothesis is based on my observation of balls that are not well inflated. From this I am able to determine that the experiment was very accurate. Control variable - Wikipedia Height the ball bounced to (average of middle three) when dropped from: 10cm = 6.7 6.7 = 66% of 10 (to the nearest percent), 20cm = 14.0 14.0 = 70% of 20 (to the nearest percent), 30cm = 22.3 22.3 = 74% of 30 (to the nearest percent). This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. When the ball collides with the floor, the ball becomes deformed. WebRamp and ball, controlled study lab report. The results of the experiment were obtained with a method that ensured that every drop was under similar conditions which ensured a fair test. No, the bouncing ball example is not an example of simple harmonic motion. When the ball rebounds, its stored energy reappears and it leaps higher into the air than it would have had you dropped it a shorter distance. The total energy of the system remains the same; the potential energy changes to kinetic energy, but no energy is lost. Control Variable: Simple Definition - Statistics How To This motion can be described using a geometric sequence, as the height of the ball after each bounce depends on the initial height from which the ball fell. What purpose does a control serve? Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. This is repeated three times at 5 different heights. Read books, magazines or ask professionals who might know in order to find out the factors that affect the movements of a dropped ball. For the higher heights the distance from h, was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h, to accurately in a short amount of time. Ball_Bounce - West Virginia University A real-life bouncing ball example would experience an oscillatory motion which would gradually lose energy, causing the height of the bounce to reduce over time until eventually, the ball came to a stop. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (CR) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v22) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v12): If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h1 and CR. The selection of balls for official games in most sports (esp. So once you know how to calculate KE and GPE, it is simple to calculate their sum, E. KE of a dropped ball changes as it falls. 30% of the energy that the ball hits the floor wit is lost. What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. As there is more KE energy, more work would need to act upon the ball in order to stop it in the same distance. A controlled variable is one which the researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment. Our dependent variable was. Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. D (60%) The CoR can be measured directly by velocity measurements but often it is handier to measure the height of rise of the ball after it bounces relative to the height that it fell. where g is the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/ sec 2 at the Earths surface), and where h is the height of the object, measured with respect to any convenient zero- level. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. In the bouncing ball example, external forces such as air resistance are assumed to be zero. This causes thermal energy to be given off. As the ball falls it hits against air particles. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Hence the final answer is: \(\text{Total distance} = 2 \cdot S_n = 2 \cdot 9.6 m= 19.2m\). A ball that is dropped in air however is subjected to air resistance which affects the height to which it bounces. This also proves the accuracy of the experiment. Additionally we were able to practice reading a lab, taking data and making a graph. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. These equations allow us to predict how a change will affect the system without the need to do additional experiments. Maybe you are reading a scale incorrectly, or maybe the measuring instrument is working erratically. Based on your gathered information, make an educated guess about what types of things affect the system you are working with. So if we double the air pressure, we will get double bounce height. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The balls finish up with the same amount of energy and the only energy given out is thermal energy. Balls: Terminal Speed and Coefficient of Restitution. When dropped on a solid surface, not even a super ball bounces back as high as its initial height, but some balls do bounce a lot better than others. These are illustrated below. Sometimes variables are linked and work together to cause something. You can drop the ball from your hand or you can make a stopper for the ball to hold it only from the sides with a little pressure. The following is a college level project, but some grade 9 to 12 students can also complete this with no problem. An elastic surface such as rubber and a very hard surface such as concrete will result the highest bounce level. Once the ball hits the ground, its displacement is momentarily zero. Design an experiment to test each hypothesis. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. Discuss specifically how you developed your e and initial height values. Figure 1. Grammar mistakes. This means that we can approximately calculate the amount of energy that the ball conserves as it hits the floor and therefore the height to which it will bounce for any given height in a vacuum. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). What factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball? Hypothesis: Based on your gathered information, make an educated Writing Quality. (The upward direction was assumed to be positive in this example. Materials:-Carbon Paper-Goggles-Golf On a molecular level, the rubber is made from long chains of polymers. Physics Ia on Bouncing Ball The acceleration on the ball is the acceleration of gravity, which acts downwards on the ball. The reason for our error was that we thought that the tennis ball might be specially made to bounce to the same height. Independent Variable: The height from which the ball is dropped. It depends only on the elasticity of the ball itselfa super ball returns a large fraction while a beanbag returns a tiny fraction. If the common ratio of the sequence is between 0 and 1, then the term r would approach zero. This is impossible. 70% is retained. The energy chain is as follows: Therefore as energy cannot be created or destroyed the energy the ball starts with must be directly proportional to the energy the ball finishes with, at the top of its bounce, and so if the ball starts with more energy it must therefore finish with more. For a dropped ball, the total mechanical energy is defined as the sum of its kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy. This is in accordance with Newton's second law. B) If I heat up a tennis ball it will bounce high. Therefore the height the ball bounces will be proportional to the height that the ball is dropped from up to a certain point, where the ball begins to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. Find the infinite distance of travel. What is the velocity of the ball at the point of maximum height? This list is called an experimental procedure. When you hold a ball above a surface, the ball has potential energy. Use two people to measure the results; one person to drop the ball and one to measure the height to which it reaches after bouncing. The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. \(v^2 = 2 \cdot g \cdot hv = \sqrt{2 \cdot 9.81 \frac{m}{s^2} \cdot 3 m} = 7.67 \frac{m}{s}\). Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. This can be in the form of a table of processed numerical data, or graphs. Data table 2 indicates that on average tennis ball bounced to a lower height than it was dropped from. WebBouncing Ball Experiment - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Questions lead to more questions, which lead to additional hypothesis that need to be tested. Is a bouncing ball a simple harmonic motion? This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. For an infinite number of turns, another geometric sequence formula can be used. A series of experiments is made up of separate experimental runs. During each run you make a measurement of how much the variable affected the system under study. It provided me with five repeats so that the maximum and minimum results could be discounted and a reliable average could be taken. the Scientific Method This means that not all the GPE is converted into KE as it would have been if the ball had been dropped in a vacuum. This denting extracts energy from the balls motion and stores much of it in the elastic surfaces of the floor and ball. 7. Record the results in a table like this: Divide the bounce height of each row by the release height of the same row and write the result in the last column. Also the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 1ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 2ms-1 is far smaller than the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 20ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 21ms-1. Therefore of the GPE that the ball possessed at the beginning some energy is given off as thermal energy. Another experiment would be necessary to determine this for certain. They can be the hardest part of a project. You measure this response, or record data, in a table for this purpose. As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. When you drop a ball from a greater height, it has more kinetic energy just before it hits the floor and stores more energy during the bounceit dents farther as it comes to a stop. These two results were excluded when averages were being calculated and therefore the average variation between results used for calculating the average was even less than 3cm. WebWhat is a control? The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. At the moment of impact, the ball also experiences deformation and the coefficient of restitution, which depends on the bounciness of the ball. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h. Do a larger amount of results; 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm etc. A) Using the graph above, find the displacement of the ball at 50 seconds. This means that KE is the same for both balls when each ball hits the ground. Grades: Preschool and K-2 Length of Lesson: Approximately 45 minutes Related Video: The Hawk Factor episode Learning Goals: As the height from which the ball was dropped from was increased, the GPE energy that the ball possessed before being dropped also increased. Purpose A bouncing ball follows a projectile motion which is moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. Specially look for parts that discuss the gas pressure and physical properties of gases. WebThe Bounciest Ball Experiment Overview: In this lesson, students conduct a series of experiments with different balls to observe which bounce the highest and to see how they could make balls bounce higher. WebPhysics Lab 1 - Bouncing Ball - Hardik December 2019 PDF Bookmark This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. As in both cases the main form of energy is GPE it follows that the higher the ball is dropped from, the higher the ball will bounce. Problem: Hypothesis: Experiment: This was when the ball was falling in air. The ball rebounds to 38 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. Five repeats were done as it was deemed that an average of the middle three was reasonably accurate. Draw a graph of bounce height Vs drop height. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Advanced levels of experimental science rely heavily on graphical and mathematical analysis of data. As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. The sum of the two, mechanical energy, stays the same ( is conserved.). This means it will be travelling the same speed when it hits the ground. Control Variable? Definition and Examples Material that you may test are: Carpet, Rubber matte, ply wood, sponge, Styrofoam, another ball, . This slope tells us how bouncy the ball is. This will mean that I will have to have the interval between the different heights from which the ball is dropped from less than 20cm, probably at 10cm. These stages are continuously repeated and shown in the sequence below. Constants are the release height, the bouncing surface, the type and the size of the ball. Using the geometric sequence for an infinite sequence and substituting the given values we get: \(S_{\infty} = 2 \cdot \frac{\alpha}{1-r} = 2 \cdot \frac{6m}{1-0.38} = 19.35 m\). Belowis the graph of h1against h2. The experiment was conducted as the method (below) states. As the ball falls through the air, the Law of Conservation of Energy is in effect and states that energy is neither gained nor lost, only transferred from one form to another. A totally accurate experiment would have a variation between results equal to zero however an experiment that is totally accurate needs to be conducted under conditions where air pressure and temperature remained constant, error produced by the ball falling on different parts of the linoleum floor tile (which was not totally even and thus produces inaccurate results) and human error removed by dropping the ball onto a uniform surface and using machinery to record the height to which the ball bounced to. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the Ask Question button on the top of this page to send me a message. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to the initial relative speed between two objects after they collide. B (81%) Synonyms. Is a bouncing ball an example of oscillatory motion? KE = 1/2mv where m = mass and v = velocity, 1/2mv = mhg - thermal energy (lost as a result of drag). WebControl variables include the size of pots, the type of soil and the position in a room. The dependent variable is how high the ball bounces. Control variables include the type of ball, the surface that it is dropped onto and the size of the ball. 3. Testing reaction times can be investigated by dropping a ruler and seeing how quickly someone can grab it. The independent variable is the person who is trying to catch the ruler. Air pressure will affect the balls fall slightly as the concentration of air particles per cubic meter varies with air pressure. The maximum and minimum results were included when working out the variation between results however, seeing as the maximum and minimum results were produced by the experiment and are therefore part of the variation between results produced by the experiment. 2. Several balls, medium-sized super balls, hollow rubber balls, solid rubber balls, tennis balls, golf balls, baseballs, and whatever other types of balls are available. Dependent Variable: The Bounce (How height is the ball going to Bounce) because of the Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. Controlled: - Same ball. You may now be able to understand or verify things that you discovered when gathering information for the project. As it falls, the ball converts energy stored in the force of gravitygravitational potential energyinto energy of motionkinetic energy. The decision for the size of interval and the amount of results collected will depend upon the time taken to conduct the experiment and any other factors that may become apparent during the preliminary experiment. WebOn the cardboard, mark the starting point, the point where the marble strikes the wood, and a point along the marble's path as it rolls away from the wood. Using the slope and graph, we can estimate that the ball would bounce to 0.75 m if dropped from 1.5 m and bounce to 1 m if dropped from 2 m. It is difficult to say with certainty that a ball dropped from 100 m would bounce to 50 m. That is because the heights we dropped the tennis ball from were all under 1 m, and at a much greater distance there may be other factors that would contribute to the bounce height. What does the motion of a bouncing ball look like? When a player dribbles a basketball, as Kobe Bryant does here on the 2012 U.S. men's Olympic team, the ball actually transfers some of its energy on each Following are some sample information that you may find: Everyone has played with balls that bounce, but few people truly understand the physics behind a bouncing ball. No, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement. Newton's third law states that every force or action has an equal and opposite reaction. It is always important for students, parents and teachers to know a good source for science related equipment and supplies they need for their science activities. If the ball is elastic in nature, the ball will quickly return to its original form and spring up from the floor. Averages are more reliable than using one result as they take into account variation between results. Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. Reverse Engineering: Ball Bounce Experiment Because of these forces, both the ball and floor deform inward. Tape the ruler to the wall. The area of the triangle can be found using the formula below. In my science fair experiment, the golf ball overall was the ball that bounced the highest. Several meter sticks for measuring the height of the bouncing ball or drawing a larger meter stick. where m is the mass of the moving object, and v is the velocity of the moving object. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air. As the ball hits the floor with less KE than it would have done if it had been dropped in a vacuum it follows that less energy is converted into elastic potential energy and back into KE again. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. So if we double the release height, we will get double bounce height. All of the factors that could have affected the results that were uncontrollable could have produced variations between results. Procedure: One group member drops a tennis ball from a specific height, while the other group member notes how high the ball bounces. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. Conveniently enough, this fraction of returned energy is nearly independent of how much energy the ball had to begin with. In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. Yes, as the ball receives a force from the ground due to collision, which causes the ball to bounce off the ground. Method: To set up the During the preliminary experiment it was established that time was not an important factor that had to be taken into account when deciding how many different heights to drop the ball from and the interval between those heights. tennis and baseball) includes the CoR test. Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it. or hold Ctrl and then use arrow keys to move the wave 0.01 second left or right. For a perfectly elastic bounce (the ultimate super ball), e =1; and for an inelastic bounce (like clay dropping on the floor), e =0. \(Area = \frac{1}{2} \cdot base \cdot length\), \(Area = 0.5 m \cdot 50 m \cdot 50 m = 1250 m^3\). While these variables are not the This experiment might have been improved if we had developed a method for more accurately measuring the tennis balls bounce height. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h1 to h2 (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). At this level, science becomes even more interesting and powerful.8. That height fraction is equal to the fraction of energy that the ball successfully stored and returned during its bounce. Adapted from Plangenhoef, Patterns of Human Motion. However, the tennis ball we used may be a very old one, and to definitely prove that our hypothesis is wrong for most tennis balls we would need to repeat the experiment with many different tennis balls. Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different For this reason, its also known as a controlled variable or a constant variable. A single experiment may contain many control variables. In reality, the ball experiences damping, where it loses potential energy and kinetic energy as it falls. Summarize what happened. Projectile motion is the motion of objects that are moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. Often, mathematical equations can be made from graphs. CR can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore CRcan be found without knowing v22or v12. When a ball drops in air there is air resistance to which the ball loses energy in the form of thermal energy. Taking an average of several results creates a measurement in the middle of the variation created by the experiment, which is the result that is closest to the height that would be recorded for the balls bounce if it were measured in an experiment that was totally accurate. If the elastic potential energy is the same then the same amount of energy is converted back into KE and so the balls leave the floor at the same speed. Hence the formula for the sum of the infinite number of terms can be rewritten as seen here. Drop a ball from 1 foot off of the floor, slightly in front of a yardstick. The experiment was conducted well however as the utmost efforts were brought into place to avoid parallax error and it was ensured as far as possible that factors that affected how high the ball bounced, excluding the height, were kept constant throughout the experiment. The weight and material of the ball will be kept the same throughout the experiment by using the same ball. Thus a typical ball bounces to 60% of its original height because it stores and returns 60% of the energy it had before the bounce. It is the most basic kind of energy. http://wings.avkids.com/Curriculums/Tennis/index.html. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Such variations in the bounce of a dropped ball rise questions that demand some research and investigation. 2. H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. Controlled Variable By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. Measuring the height to which the ball bounced on subsequent bounces would be interesting, seeing if h. A) scientific method. WebA) If a tennis ball is frozen, it won't bounce as high as one that is not frozen. An increase in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. The bounce of a dropped ball has a direct relation with the air pressure inside the ball. Using the geometric sequence formula, the sum of the terms which are the heights of the ball after each bound: \(S_n = \frac{\alpha(1-r^n)}{1-r} = \frac{6m(1-0.38^5)}{1-0.38} = 9.6 m\). Factors affecting ball bounce Bouncing balls AT (Year 8 If you did not observe anything different than what happened with your control, the variable you changed may not affect the system you are investigating. This is because the experiment is a very short and simple one to carry out and if conducted efficiently can be completed easily within the time span allowed for collecting evidence. A ball falls from a height of 6 metres. WebThe independent variables in the experiment are the heights that the balls are dropped from, the surface that the ball bounces on, the type of ball used, ball is dropped vertically, and that when dropping a ball no force is applied. The CoRs apply to balls dropped or thrown at a rigid wooden surface. List three. The more KE the ball leaves the floor with the longer it takes to stop due to the force of gravity and return back to the floor again.
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