copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. The Hakluyt Society, which publishes scholarly editions of primary records of voyages and travels, was named after him in its 1846 formation. Furthermore, he points out that crime in England is on the rise, and colonization will aid in sending convicted criminals to work in farms in colonized regions in order to reduce tax payments that emanate from rehabilitating criminals in England. Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. 1) Rich soil 2) ease of travel 3)Increase Navel Power (build more ships)-larger ships the better 4)make their Navy so strong Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization, 1584 | The Knowing so many languages helped him to read all types of works that recorded the adventures of travelers. New World Exploration and English Ambition - PBS gradually changed in the direction of large and widespread colonization. 2. Hakluyts reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. According to Hakluyt, Spain has transformed into the other enemy that must be defeated in the process of creating the New World. 1. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The increase of the force of the Christians. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. Author of. In a number of popular pamphlets they made the . B. What type of colonization does Hakluyt imagine occurring? In Mare Liberum, Grotius denied that the 1493 donation by Pope Alexander VI that had divided the oceans between Spain and Portugal entitled Spain to make territorial claims to North America. Proponent for colonization in the Americas- tried to lobby Queen Elizabeth to support colonization. Encyclopdia Britannica. Among these Southern European sailors was Giovanni Cabot, known also as John Cabot, an Italian explorer who served the King of England. What type of commercial aspirations does Hakluyt describe? Besides, he believes that colonization should entail friendship or familiarity. on 19 February 1574, and shortly after taking his Master of Arts (M.A.) The manuscript, lost for almost 300 years, was published for the first time in 1877. Your privacy is extremely important to us. In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. [10], While a Queen's Scholar at Westminster School, Hakluyt visited his guardian, whose conversation, illustrated by "certain bookes of cosmographie, an universall mappe, and the Bible," made Hakluyt resolve to "prosecute that knowledge, and kind of literature. Missionaries, most of whom were members of the Franciscan religious order, provided Spain with an advance guard in North America. Create your account. and M.A. [23][26] Hakluyt's handwritten manuscript, MS Petyt 529, in Inner Temple Library in London was eventually published as The Free Sea for the first time in 2004. He died in 1557 when his son was aged about five years, and his wife Margery[1] followed soon after. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In 1588 Hakluyt finally returned to England with Douglas Sheffield, Baroness Sheffield, after a residence in France of nearly five years. As such, his version of colonization simply includes settling on the shores of a selected nation and exploiting any resources required by England. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. Gerhard Mercator (1512-1594), a Belgian cartographer (mapmaker), created a more accurate map that was especially useful for ocean navigators. Settlement and Economic Development: The Colonies to 1763 (Overview) It was at Hakluyt's suggestion that Robert Parke translated Juan Gonzlez de Mendoza's The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof (15881590),[30] John Pory made his version of Leo Africanus's A Geographical Historie of Africa (1600),[31] and P. Erondelle translated Marc Lescarbot's Nova Francia (1609). He presented his Discourse of Western Planting to Queen Elizabeth I in manuscript, but it was not actually printed until almost three hundred years later. Both nations appear to be in stiff competition for resources found in native America. English Deutsch Franais Espaol Portugus Italiano Romn Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Trke Suomi Latvian Lithuanian esk . Grotius also argued that the seas should be freely navigable by all, which was useful since the England to Virginia route crossed seas which the Portuguese claimed. 808 certified writers online. Richard Hakluyt, a remarkable clergyman-scholar-geographer who lies buried in Westminster Abby, deserves high rank among the indirect founding fathers of the United States. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . From an early age, he was fascinated by geography and the prospect of the colonization of America. The Names of the rich Towns lying along the sea coast on the north side from the equinoctial of the mainland of America under the kinge of Spaine. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View specifically for you. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He also published numerous geographical works describing North America and early English exploration of the New World. His books encouraged those living in England to begin to prepare to settle in North America and found colonies that later become the basis for the future United States. on 27 June 1577,[5][10] began giving public lectures in geography. While he did not have the opportunity to travel around the world, he was able to live in France for five years as the chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford. His major publication, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589), provides almost everything known about the early English voyages to North America. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Richard Hakluyt was probably born in London, England, in 1553. Bod. Learn about the English scholar Richard Hakluyt and his reasons for colonization and exploration. Hakluyt (1552-1616) was a geographer, historian, editor, and leading promoter of English colonial expansion in North America. An ordained priest, Hakluyt held important positions at Bristol Cathedral and Westminster Abbey and was personal chaplain to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I. His objective was to recommend the enterprise of establishing English plantations in the unsettled [by Europeans] region of North America, and thus gain the Queen's support for Raleigh's expedition. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC - YUMPU This was the time when English attention was fixed on finding the northeast and northwest passages to the Orient and on Francis Drakes circumnavigation of the world. natural reason.15 The elder Richard Hakluyt was the first of a long series 15 Sir George Peckham, A true reporte, of . Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616) No account of Elizabethan exploration is complete without mentioning Hakluyt. The inter-European rivalry appears to be the main theme in this literature. He regards the native people as resources which England can use to serve her self-interest. Slavery and Freedom: The American Paradox, Europeans and Natives in British and Spanish America, The Hemispheres Adaptability to Function Independently, Solar System Colonization in Science Fiction vs. That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. The Discourse on the Western Planting | work by Hakluyt But far from it: in 1584 Hakluyt prepared a 'Discourse on Western . During this time, Hakluyt became increasingly convinced that England should lay claim to the territories in North America as quickly as possible, and gained support for his plan from influential men such as Francis Walsingham and Robert Cecil. Hence, religion is a careful strategy aimed at providing compassion and hope for the poor natives and the low-class English population while punishing the wicked through doctrinal or religious teachings. He carefully explores economic concerns and articulates a number of issues towards colonization. In 1589 he published the first edition of his chief work, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, using eyewitness accounts as far as possible. Kathleen Halecki possesses a B.A. Reality, Team Leader: Exploiting New Opportunities, Studies of History of Indigenous People in Canada, Native American Studies in "We Shall Remain" Series, Native American Population and Federal Policies, Native American's Journal Entries in 1875-1934. In the preface to this he announced the intended publication of the first terrestrial globe made in England by Emery Molyneux. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. He carefully explores economic concerns . IvyPanda. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. (2021) 'English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View'. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you He has recently obtained a PhD in contemporary European history. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Richard Hakluyt (/hklt, hklt, hklwt/;[1] 1553 23 November 1616) was an English writer. The first fruits of Hakluyt's labours in Paris were embodied in his important work entitled A Particuler Discourse Concerninge the Greate Necessitie and Manifolde Commodyties That Are Like to Growe to This Realme of Englande by the Westerne Discoueries Lately Attempted, Written in the Yere 1584, which Sir Walter Raleigh commissioned him to prepare. Richard Hakluyt presented the work privately to the queen in 1584. Primary Source: Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization While in France he was able to expand his knowledge of foreign places which inspired him to write and publish books on the subject to encourage colonization. He made a point of becoming acquainted with the most important sea captains, merchants, and sailors of England. 4. [16] The attention that the book excited in Paris encouraged Hakluyt to prepare an English translation and publish it in London under the title A Notable Historie Containing Foure Voyages Made by Certayne French Captaynes unto Florida (1587). "[11] Entering Christ Church, Oxford,[12] in 1570 with financial support from the Skinners' Company,[10] "his exercises of duty first performed,"[11] he set out to read all the printed or written voyages and discoveries that he could find. Discourse of Western Planting | Encyclopedia.com That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. In 1583 Walsingham, then one of the most important secretaries of state, sent Hakluyt to Paris as chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford, the English ambassador there. Richard Hakluyt lived during the Age of Exploration when opportunities were opening for European countries to explore unknown lands. Primary Source: Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization He thus embarked upon his career as a publicist and a counsellor for present and future national enterprises across the ocean. His policy, constantly expounded, was the exploration of temperate North America in conjunction with the search for the Northwest Passage, the establishment of Englands claim to possession based on the discovery of North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, and the foundation of a plantation to foster national trade and national well-being. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London, Eng. These works were a fertile source of material for William Shakespeare[4] and other authors. Without his urging, the English might have been content to rest in their foggy off-shore island while the Spaniards and Portuguese divided the world between them. That hereby the Revenues and customs of her Majestie both outwards and inwards shall mightely be enlarged by the toll, excises, and other duties which without oppression may be raised. The enterprise developed slowly with minor voyages for exploration first, but a colony was finally established at Roanoke Island, in Virginia, in 1587, which would become the famous 'Lost Colony' in American history. In support of Walter Raleighs colonizing project in Virginia, he prepared a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. Richard Hakluyt, Chicken Little, and the Ends of Atlantic History His attitude towards the enemies of England clearly brings out pervasive anti-Spanish sentiments that have been embraced by England to formulate national identity and create a transatlantic empire. (2021, April 8). . That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. Reasons for Colonization 1. He died on November 23, 1616. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. Purchas procured some of Hakluyts manuscripts after his death and used them in Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes of 1625. In the treatise, he argued that colonization was an opportunity to proselytize the Protestant faith, exploit America's natural resources, create new trade markets, and offer work to the unemployed. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. professional specifically for you? This book describes in detail the life and times of Hakluyt, a trained minister who . "[14] Although this was his only visit to Continental Europe in his life, he was angered to hear the limitations of the English in terms of travel being discussed in Paris.[11]. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." The Hakluyts believed that colonies were the answer to England's problems. As Spain took the lead in colonization, a great competition began between European powers. Hakluyt studied at Christ College at Oxford University on a Queen Scholarship. This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. [10] By the time of his death, he had amassed a small fortune out of his various emoluments and preferments, of which the last was the clergy house of Gedney, Lincolnshire, presented to him by his younger brother Oliver in 1612. [24] Helen Thornton has suggested that the translation was commissioned by Thomas Smythe who became treasurer of the Virginia Company in 1609 and was also Governor of the East India Company. In this he also pleaded for the establishment of a lectureship in navigation. Exploration and trade in Elizabethan England | The British Library
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